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A dynamical assessment of multidimensional poverty in agro-climatic zones: an evidence from Punjab Pakistan

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Abstract

The dynamics of poverty have become a controversial issue and one of the most common socio-economic problems in global economies, especially in developing economies as a whole. As per the importance of precise dilemma, the current study examines single as well as multidimensional poverty in the agro-climatic zones of Punjab, Pakistan, for the last 8 years from 2011–2012 to 2018–2019 by utilizing four available latest HIES (Household Integrated Economic Survey) datasets taken from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS). This study uses a couple of indexing methods, namely FGT (1984) and Alkire and Foster (2007). Temporal analysis of the first measure of poverty demonstrates that with a shorter (longer) time gap, poverty presents a hybrid (declining) trend in the uni-dimensional spectrum in the province of Punjab and its agro-climatic zones. While population decomposition for uni-dimensional poverty validates that residences of cotton-wheat Punjab and lower intensity Punjab is the major contributor to overall province poverty. Thus, to diminish poverty in a single-dimensional context, it is the need of time to take emergency steps like uplift economic growth, lessen income inequalities, and create job opportunities by the government for the improvement of the living standard of the residences of the overall province with special consideration on both these most affected zones. Similarly, calculations of the second measure of multidimensional poverty reveal that poverty also presents a hybrid (declining) trend with a shorter (longer) span of time in the overall province and all agro-climatic zones with the exception of the wheat-rice zone. However, dimensional decomposition for multidimensional poverty index demarcates that education and health are the major contributors to MDP, and declining the households’ deprivation in both these dimensions is relatively helpful to nippy fall in poverty in the study area.

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Funding

This work is supported by the National Social Science Fund (Key Project Grant No. 18AGL028).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China

    Zilong Wang & Shah Zaman

  2. Postdoctoral Station of Management Science and Engineering, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China

    Qamar Uz Zaman

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  1. Zilong Wang
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  2. Qamar Uz Zaman
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  3. Shah Zaman
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Dr. Qamar uz Zaman, Dr. Zilong Wang and Shah Zaman. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Dr. Qamar uz Zaman and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Qamar Uz Zaman.

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Wang, Z., Zaman, Q.U. & Zaman, S. A dynamical assessment of multidimensional poverty in agro-climatic zones: an evidence from Punjab Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 22944–22956 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12329-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12329-z

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