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A multivariate statistical approach for the evaluation of spatial and temporal dynamics of surface water quality from the small reservoir located in the drought-prone area of South-West India: a case study of Tiru reservoir (India)

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Abstract

With the use of different multivariate statistical analysis methods, spatio-temporal fluctuations in the water parameters of Tiru reservoir located at the Marathwada drought-prone area of Maharashtra, India, have been analysed and reported in this case study. Tiru reservoir, situated on the tributary of the Godavari River, was regularly monitored at five different sites from August 2017 to January 2019 for the estimation of 20 water quality parameters. Various multivariate methods such as pattern reorganisation using cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis/principal component analysis (FA/PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) were used for handling complex datasets. CA extracted three different clusters from five sampling sites with similar water quality characteristics. FA/PCA extracted thirteen factors (65% of 20 measured) required to explain 74% of the data variability and identified the factors accountable for variation in water quality and also evaluated the prevalence of each cluster on the overall dissimilarity at five different sampling sites. Discriminant analysis extracted a total of 16 parameters with 97.7% right assignations. Varifactors (VFs) acquired by factor analysis recommended that the water quality parameters accounted for variation were linked to two groups. The first group included water quality parameters like T, DO, SDD, turbidity, TDS, PA, and MA, whereas the second group covered most of the nutrients Cl−, silicates, PP, TP, NO3-N, NO2-N, and NH3-N; hardness; and CHL-a and mainly entered the reservoir during surface runoff from agriculture fields and the surrounding area containing domestic as well as animal waste. Thus, the present work showed the efficiency of multivariate methods for the assessment of spatial as well as a temporal variation in the water quality of a small reservoir.

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Acknowledgments

The first author (ATM) is thankful to Dr. Gopal Krishna, director, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, for offering the required facilities to conduct this research work. The author is deeply grateful to Dr. Ashish Paturkar, Vice Chancellor, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, and Maharashtra, India, for allowing me to complete this research work. The author is thankful to Mr. V.B. Sutar for providing unconditional help and support during fieldwork and laboratory analysis.

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The authors did not receive support from any organisation for the submitted work. All of the authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

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  1. Fisheries Resource Management, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Panch Marg, Off-yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India

    Adinath T. Markad, Asha T. Landge & Binaya B. Nayak

  2. Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India

    Arun B. Inamdar

  3. Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Dehradun, 48001, India

    Akhil K. Mishra

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  1. Adinath T. Markad
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Mr. A.T. Markad, Dr. A.T. Landge, Dr. B.B. Nayak, Dr. A.B. Inamdar, and Dr. A.K. Mishra have participated in (a) conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of the data; (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (c) approval of the final version.

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Correspondence to Asha T. Landge.

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Markad, A.T., Landge, A.T., Nayak, B.B. et al. A multivariate statistical approach for the evaluation of spatial and temporal dynamics of surface water quality from the small reservoir located in the drought-prone area of South-West India: a case study of Tiru reservoir (India). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 31013–31031 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12001-6

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