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Experimental analysis of double slope solar still augmented with dye, pebbles and metal chips

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Abstract

Double slope solar stills are reported to give lower yields in winter season. In this work an attempt has been made to improve the performance of still with double slope in winter. A comparative experimental and theoretical analysis of conventional and modified single basin still with double slope augmented with black dye, pebbles and iron chips (5 kg each) is reported in this manuscript. The experiments are carried out in the month of November and December in 2017 at meteorological conditions of Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna (Latitude: 24°39'N, Longitude: 77°19'E). Distillate yield in a modified solar still due to the augmentation has improved by 28.4% as compared with conventional solar still at a common water depth of 0.025 m, whereas its overall heat transfer coefficient and overall thermal efficiency are improved by 55.7 and 25.01%, respectively.

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All the data and material pertaining to this manuscript is available with the authors. They promise to present it to the editorial board or reviewers on demand.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

C :

Constant

c :

Specific heat (J/kg-K)

d :

Characteristic dimension of solar still (m)

\( \dot{E}x \) :

Exergy (W)

F :

Heat transfer fraction

F 12 :

View factor

g :

Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

Gr:

Grashof number

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

H :

Height of still (m)

I(t):

Incident solar radiation on inclined glass cover surface (W/m2)

k :

Thermal conductivity of humid air (W/mK)

L :

Latent heat of vaporization (J/kg)

M :

Mass of basin water (kg)

\( \dot{m} \) :

Distillate output (kg/m2hr)

n :

Constant

Nu:

Nusselt number

P :

Pressure (Pa)

\( \dot{q} \) :

Rate of total internal heat transfer (W/m2)

Ra:

Rayleigh number

T :

Temperature (oC)

ΔT :

Effective temperature difference (oC)

a :

Ambient

b :

Basin

c :

Convective

ci :

Inner surface of glass cover

d :

Destruction

e :

Evaporative

eff :

Effective

E :

East

Ex :

Exergy

g :

Glass cover

i :

Instantaneous

in :

Input

insu :

Insulation

o :

Output

p :

Constant pressure

t :

Total

trans :

Transfer

w :

Water

W :

West

r :

Radiative

α :

Absorptivity

α ' :

Fraction by which solar radiation is absorbed

β :

Expansion factor (K-1)

σ :

Stefan Boltzmann constant (W/ m2 K4)

ρ :

Density of humid air (kg/m3)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity of humid air (Ns/m2)

θ :

Glass cover inclination (o)

ε :

Emissivity

η :

Efficiency

τ :

Transmissivity

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

Authors declare that no funding has been taken from any source or authority for the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna-473226, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Manoj Dubey & Dhananjay R. Mishra

Authors
  1. Manoj Dubey
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  2. Dhananjay R. Mishra
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Contributions

In this manuscript, MD has contributed in conceptualization, methodology, software, investigation, performed experiments and writing—Original draft preparation. DRM has contributed in conceptualization, methodology, supervision, validation and writing—reviewing and editing of this manuscript. Both the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dhananjay R. Mishra.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

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This declaration is not applicable to the above manuscript as it does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.

Competing interests

The authors hereby declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues

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The original online version of this article was revised: The format of Equations 10, 15 and 16 were modified in the published pdf version.

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Dubey, M., Mishra, D.R. Experimental analysis of double slope solar still augmented with dye, pebbles and metal chips. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 22077–22090 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11869-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11869-8

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