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Assessment of trace metal contamination in the core sediment of Ramsar wetland (Kabar Tal), Begusarai, Bihar (India)

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Abstract

The concentration of trace metals Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu in the core sediment from Kabar Tal wetland was analyzed to understand the level of contamination in the vertical profile. Additionally, total organic carbon (TOC) and available phosphorus (AP) were also analyzed to infer the biogeochemistry of trace metals and the correlation that exists among them. Five core sediments were collected at the end of the monsoon season from different locations in the study area, representing diverse anthropogenic and agricultural activities. The average concentration of trace metals in sediments followed the order Mn > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu. The trace metal concentration in the surface sediments was higher and decreased with depth in the vertical profile. Contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate sediment quality and the pollution status of the lake sediments. Cu, Zn, and Ni showed minor to moderate enrichment, and Pb showed a severe level of enrichment in all the core sediment samples. However, the sediment quality guidelines’ index indicates that the sediments are moderately polluted with copper, zinc, and nickel and severely polluted with lead. There exists a strong positive correlation among Pb-Ni, Ni-AP, and AP-Pb, and a strong negative correlation among TOC-Ni, TOC-Pb, and TOC-AP for all the sediment samples. Additionally, the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) suggest that a good similarity exists among Pb, Ni, and Zn. The study indicates that trace metals in wetland sediments have originated from multiple anthropogenic sources like agricultural runoff (fertilizers), direct addition of solid wastes, discharge of untreated wastewater, and long-range transport from the oil refinery in the wetland.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, for the laboratory facilities. RKR also expresses his gratitude to the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Govt. of Bihar and Divisional Forest Officer, Begusarai, Bihar, for granting permission to conduct sampling. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions, which have immensely improved this manuscript.

Funding

The study was funded by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India (Startup Grant for Young Scientist project no: SR/FTP/ES-1/2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India

    Himanshu Kaushik, Rashmi Ranjan, Rakhshan Ahmad,  Prashant & Rajesh Kumar Ranjan

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India

    Himanshu Kaushik

  3. Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

    Rakhshan Ahmad

  4. Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India

    Alok Kumar

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India

    Nitish Kumar

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Contributions

The corresponding author (RKR) contributed to the study conception, design, and acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication. Material preparation and data collection and analysis were performed by HK and RA. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HK and RR, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajesh Kumar Ranjan.

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Kaushik, H., Ranjan, R., Ahmad, R. et al. Assessment of trace metal contamination in the core sediment of Ramsar wetland (Kabar Tal), Begusarai, Bihar (India). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 18686–18701 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11775-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11775-z

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