Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Over-gene expression in the apoptotic, oxidative damage and liver injure in female rats exposed to butralin

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study is the first report for studying the toxic effects of butralin herbicide on COX2, BAX, and Bcl2 gene expression, oxidative stress, and liver damage in female rats. Female rats were received butralin in drinking water for 28 days at concentration 4.16, 312, and 3120 mg/L that corresponded to the acceptable daily intake (ADI), no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), and 10 NOAEL, respectively. Butralin decreased body weights and increased relative liver weight of female rats exposed to high dose. It caused significant elevation in liver function enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant enzymes were decreased in liver tissue by increasing the dose. Butralin induced over-expression in the apoptotic related genes including COX2, BAX, and Bcl2 and pathological alteration in the liver of female rats especially at a high dose. It can be concluded that butralin induced oxidative damage and liver injure. The mechanism of damage could be due to generate reactive oxygen species, and increase lipid peroxidation that causes over-expression in the apoptotic related genes including COX2, BAX, and Bcl2. From the Benchmark dose (BMD) approach, there is dose-dependent manner in body weight, AST, ALT, and ALP, and ALT is a very sensitive parameter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbassy MA, Marei AESM, Al-Ashkar MAM, Mossa ATH (2014) Adverse biochemical effects of various pesticides on sprayers of cotton fields in El-Behira governorate, Egypt. Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4(3):251–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abdollahi M, Ranjbar A, Shadnia S, Nikfar S, Rezaiee A (2004) Pesticides and oxidative stress: a review. Med Sci Monit 10:144–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Aebi H., (1984). Catalase in vitro. In Methods in enzymology, 105: 121–126

  • Agrawal ANJU, Sharma B (2010) Pesticides induced oxidative stress in mammalian systems: a review. Int J Biol Med Res 1(3):90–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Azmi MA, Naqvi SNH, Azmi MA, Aslam M (2006) Effect of pesticide residues on health and different enzyme levels in the blood of farm workers from Gadap (rural area) Karachi—Pakistan. Chemosphere 64(10):1739–1744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee BD, Seth V, Ahmed RS (2001) Pesticide-induced oxidative stress: perspective and trends. Rev Environ Health 16(1):1–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrd RA, Markham JK, Emmerson JL (1995) Developmental toxicity of dinitroaniline herbicides in rats and rabbits: I. Trifluralin Fundamental and applied toxicology 26(2):181–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crump KS (1984) A new method for determining allowable daily intakes. Fundam Appl Toxicol 4:854–871

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goel A, Dani V, Dhawan DK (2005) Protective effects of zinc on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and hepatic histoarchitecture in chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 156(2–3):131–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB (1974) Glutathione S-transferases the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249(22):7130–7139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton D, Ambrus Á, Dieterle R, Felsot A, Harris C, Petersen B, Racke K, Wong SS, Gonzalez R, Tanaka K, Earl M (2004) Pesticide residues in food—acute dietary exposure. Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science 60(4):311–339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hassanin NM, Awad OM, El-Fiki S, Abou-Shanab RA, Abou-Shanab AR, Amer RA (2018) Association between exposure to pesticides and disorder on hematological parameters and kidney function in male agricultural workers. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(31):30802–30807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Héritier L, Duval D, Galinier R, Meistertzheim AL, Verneau O (2017) Oxidative stress induced by glyphosate-based herbicide on freshwater turtles. Environ Toxicol Chem 36(12):3343–3350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil W, Booles H (2011) Protective role of selenium against over-expression of cancer-related apoptotic genes induced by o-cresol in rats. Arch Ind Hyg Toxicol 62(2):121–129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil WKB, Booles HF, Hafiz NA, El-Bassyouni GE (2018) Ameliorative effects of brachidontes variabilis calcium carbonate against bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Int J Pharm 14:477–487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu S, Yue Y, Pan P, Zhang L, Su X, Li H, Li H, Li Y, Dai M, Li Q, Mao Z (2019) IRF-1 intervention in the classical ROS-dependent release of NETs during LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Inflammation. 42(1):387–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour SA, Mossa ATH (2009) Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes induced by chlorpyrifos and the protective effect of zinc. Pestic Biochem Physiol 93(1):34–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour SA, Mossa AH (2010) Adverse effects of lactational exposure to chlorpyrifos in suckling rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 29(2):77–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour SA, Mossa ATH (2011) Adverse effects of exposure to low doses of chlorpyrifos in lactating rats. Toxicol Ind Health 27(3):213–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margarido CS, Felício AA, Rossa-Feres DC, de Almeida EA (2013) Bio-chemical biomarkers in Scinax fuscovarius tadpoles exposed to a commercial formulation of the pesticide fipronil. Mar Environ Res 91:61–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mecdad AA, Ahmed MH, El Halwagy ME, Afify MM (2011) A study on oxidative stress biomarkers and immunomodulatory effects of pesticides in pesticide-sprayers. Egypt J Forensic Sci 1(2):93–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mossa ATH, Swelam ES, Mohafrash SM (2015a) Sub-chronic exposure to fipronil induced oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney of male albino rats. Toxicol Rep 2:775–784

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mossa ATH, Heikal TM, Belaiba M, Raoelison EG, Ferhout H, Bouajila J (2015b) Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Cedrelopsis grevei on cypermethrin induced oxidative stress and liver damage in male mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 15(1):251–261

  • Mossa ATH, Rasoul MAA, Mohafrash SM (2017) Lactational exposure to abamectin induced mortality and adverse biochemical and histopathological effects in suckling pups. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(11):10150–10165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolopoulou-Stamati P., Maipas S., Kotampasi C., Stamatis P., Hens L. (2016). Chemical pesticides and human health: the urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Frontiers in public health, 4, Article 148

  • Nishikimi M, Rao NA, Yagi K (1972) The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 46(2):849–854

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NRC (1996) Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, National Academic Research Council. Acad. Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2008). Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline for Testing of Chemicals N°407: Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents, adopted on Adopted: 3 October 2008

  • Paglia DE, Valentine WN (1967) Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 70(1):158–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quinteros E, Ribó A, Mejía R, López A, Belteton W, Comandari A, Orantes CM, Pleites EB, Hernández CE, López DL (2017) Heavy metals and pesticide exposure from agricultural activities and former agrochemical factory in a Salvadoran rural community. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(2):1662–1676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reitman S, Frankel S (1957) A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 28(1):56–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabra FS, Marzouk MA, Mossa AA (2005) Reproductive effects of technical and formulated tribenuron-methyl on male albino rats. Int J Agric Biol 7(6):1030–1033

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salem NA, Wahba MA, Eisa WH, El-Shamarka M, Khalil W (2018) (2018). Silver oxide nanoparticles alleviate indomethacin-induced gastric injury: a novel antiulcer agent. Inflammopharmacology. 26(4):1025–1035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma D, Sangha GK (2014) Triazophos induced oxidative stress and his-to morphological changes in liver and kidney of female albino rats. Pestic Biochem Physiol 110:71–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R (2010) Oxidative stress induced by atrazine in rat erythrocytes: mitigating effect of vitamin E. Toxicol Mech Methods 20(3):119–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song XY, Li JN, Wu YP, Zhang B, Li BX (2015) Atrazine causes autophagy- and apoptosis-related neurodegenerative effects in dopaminergic neurons in the rat nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Int J Mol Sci 16(6):13490–13506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlin, C. D. S. (2015). The Pesticide Manual, The British Crop Protection Council (17 edition ed.). London, UK

  • USEPA (1998). Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Butrlain. EPA738-R-97-09 May 1998. Available from, as of September 27, 2005: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm

  • Vidyasagar J, Karunakar N, Reddy MS, Rajnarayana K, Surender T, Krishna DR (2004) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in acute organophosphorous insecticide poisoning. Indian J Pharm 36(2):76–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz M, Rencuzogullari E, Canli M (2015) The effects of cyfluthrin on some biomarkers in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(6):4747–4752

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young DS, Pestaner LC, Gibberman VAL (1975) Effects of drugs on clinical laboratory tests. Clin Chem 21(5):10–432

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the National Research Centre-Cairo, Egypt, for supporting this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (ETRU), Pesticide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

    Amel A. Refaie & Abdel-Tawab H. Mossa

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

    Amal Ramadan

  3. Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre (NRC), P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

    Nevien M. Sabry & Wagdy K. B. Khalil

Authors
  1. Amel A. Refaie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amal Ramadan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nevien M. Sabry
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wagdy K. B. Khalil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Abdel-Tawab H. Mossa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdel-Tawab H. Mossa.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Refaie, A.A., Ramadan, A., Sabry, N.M. et al. Over-gene expression in the apoptotic, oxidative damage and liver injure in female rats exposed to butralin. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 31383–31393 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09416-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09416-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation