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The asymmetric relationship between globalization, tourism, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in Turkey: implications for environmental policy making

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Abstract

The current study examines the importance of asymmetric modelling of tourism-CO2 emissions relationship by incorporating real income per capita and the newly developed globalization index in a multivariate time series model between 1970 and 2014 for Turkey. We used a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model in analyzing the asymmetric cointegration association between the selected variables. Using Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality testing method, we examined the asymmetric causal relationship among the variables. The empirical outcomes provide evidence for the existence of asymmetric long-run cointegration nexus among the variables. Asymmetric causality results show that both the positive and negative shock of tourism influence the CO2 emissions in the long-term, while in the short-term, only the negative shock of tourism contributes to CO2 emissions. Also discussed are the policy implications with regard to Turkey’s environmental and economic policies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey

    Gizem Uzuner

  2. Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

    Seyi Saint Akadiri

  3. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Faculty of Tourism Management, Department of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey

    Taiwo Temitope Lasisi

Authors
  1. Gizem Uzuner
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  2. Seyi Saint Akadiri
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  3. Taiwo Temitope Lasisi
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Correspondence to Gizem Uzuner.

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Uzuner, G., Akadiri, S.S. & Lasisi, T.T. The asymmetric relationship between globalization, tourism, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in Turkey: implications for environmental policy making. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 32742–32753 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09190-5

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