Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has already caused worldwide concern because of its high biotoxicity to human and plants. This study investigated how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment alter the toxic morpho-physiological impacts of and accumulation of Cd in hydroponically grown Salix matsudana Koidz cuttings. Our results showed that Cd significantly depressed growth and induced a physiological response on S. matsudana cuttings, exhibiting by reduced biomass, decreased photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and increased soluble protein and peroxidase activity of shoots and roots. N and P enrichment alleviated the Cd toxic effects by increasing production of proline which prevented cuttings from damage by Cd-induced ROS, displaying with decreased malondialdehyde concentration, and stimulated overall Cd accumulation. Enrichment of N and P significantly decreased the upward Cd transfer, combing with enhanced root uptake (stimulated root activity) and retranslocation from stem, resulted in extensive Cd sequestration in S. matsudana roots. In both root and xylem, concentration of Cd is positively correlated with N and P. The improved phytoextraction potential by N and P enrichment was mainly via elevating Cd concentration in roots, probably by increased production of phytochelatins (e.g., proline) which form Cd chelates and help preventing damage from Cd-induced ROS. This study provides support for the application of S. matsudana in Cd phytoextraction even in eutrophic aquatic environments.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Amanda Gallinat at the Boston University for her assistance with English language and grammatical editing of the manuscript.
Funding
This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2016YFD0600204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31870598, 31560205 and 31670624), the Innovation Platform Open Fund Project for Universities of Hunan Province (No. 18K080), the Open Fund Project of Hunan Key Laboratory of Ecotourism (No. STLV19012), the Sanxin Forestry Project in Jiangsu Province (No. LYSX[2016]46), the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31530007), and the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province (No. 2018063), the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2012ZX07204-004-003).
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Kong, X., Zhao, Y., Tian, K. et al. Insight into nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment on cadmium phytoextraction of hydroponically grown Salix matsudana Koidz cuttings. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 8406–8417 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07499-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07499-4