Abstract
An in situ wet chemical deposition method has been applied for the successful surface modification of Ce (IV)-incorporated hydrous Fe(III) oxide (CIHFO) with a hydrophilic graphene precursor, graphene oxide (GO). The surface area of as-prepared composite (GO-CIHFO) has enhanced (189.57 m2 g−1) compared with that of pristine CIHFO (140.711 m2 g−1) and has irregular surface morphology consisting of microcrystals (~ 2–3 nm) and mesoporous (3.5486 nm) structure. The GO-CIHFO composite shows enhanced fluoride scavenging capacity (136.24 mg F g−1) than GO (3 mg F g−1) and pristine CIHFO (32.62 mg F g−1) at pH 7.0. Also, in acidic pH range and at 323 K temperature, the Langmuir capacity of as-prepared composite is 190.61 mg F g−1. It has been observed that fluoride removal by GO–CIHFO occurs from solutions obeying pseudo-second-order kinetics and multilayer adsorption process. The film/boundary layer diffusion process is also the rate-determining step. The nature of the adsorption reaction is reasonably spontaneous and endothermic in thermodynamic sense. It was observed that 1.2 g.L−1 of GO-CIHFO dosage can effectively optimise the fluoride level of natural groundwater samples (9.05 mg L−1) to the desirable permissible limit. Reactivation of used material up to a level of 73.77% with a solution of alkaline pH has proposed reusability of nanocomposites ensuring sustainability of the proposed material as fluoride scavenger in future.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Department of Geology and also to the Department of Chemistry including the Authority of Presidency University, Kolkata, India, for providing the laboratory facility for carry out this work. The author (K. M.) is grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, for providing the financial support in the form of a Woman Scientist-B (DST/Disha/SoRF-PM/064/2013/C dated 14/09/2015). P.S. is thankful to Presidency University for the financial support through a FRPDF grant.
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Mukhopadhyay, K., Ghosh, U.C. & Sasikumar, P. Enhanced capacity of fluoride scavenging from contaminated water by nano-architectural reorientation of cerium-incorporated hydrous iron oxide with graphene oxide. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 26112–26133 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05756-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05756-0