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Chitosan cross-linked with κ-carrageenan to remove cadmium from water and soil systems

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12 April 2024 Editor's Note: Readers are alerted that the concerns have been raised with this article. Editorial action will be taken as appropriate once this matter is resolved and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.

Abstract

In this study, magnetic bio-adsorbent based on chitosan with high molecular weight was prepared. To stabilize under acidic condition, the synthesized magnetic chitosan was cross-linked with κ-carrageenan (mChitoCar). The magnetic bio-adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that mChitoCar had desirable magnetic-sorption properties, and magnetic/bio-adsorbent was successfully synthesized and cross-linked. The present nanocomposite was applied to remove and immobilize Cd2+ from water and soil systems. Adsorption and desorption of cadmium by the chitosan bio-adsorbent were investigated using batch experiments. Isotherm data were described by using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin models, and better fitting was introduced by Freundlich model in both water and soil systems. The maximum adsorption capacity (b) of cadmium onto mChitoCar appeared to increase from the water system to the soil system, from 750.2 to 992.7 μmol/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism with the help of potential theory indicates the adsorption of cadmium onto the mChitoCar surface is following chemical adsorption type. To evaluate the efficiency of the modified chitosan as a good bio-adsorbent in water and soil system, the difference between adsorption and desorption amounts, Δq, was calculated. By comparing the amounts of Δq, the bio-adsorbent is not economically feasible at high initial concentrations in the water system. But, the bio-adsorbent used can be relatively economic as a soil modifier.

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  • 12 April 2024

    Editor's Note: Readers are alerted that the concerns have been raised with this article. Editorial action will be taken as appropriate once this matter is resolved and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, P. O. Box 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran

    Sara Mola Ali Abasiyan & Farahnaz Dashbolaghi

  2. Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

    Gholam Reza Mahdavinia

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  1. Sara Mola Ali Abasiyan
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  2. Farahnaz Dashbolaghi
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  3. Gholam Reza Mahdavinia
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Correspondence to Sara Mola Ali Abasiyan.

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Mola Ali Abasiyan, S., Dashbolaghi, F. & Mahdavinia, G.R. Chitosan cross-linked with κ-carrageenan to remove cadmium from water and soil systems. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 26254–26264 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05488-1

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