Abstract
In this work, the effect on cucumber growth of seven different imidazolium-based ionic liquids, namely 1-(2-oxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C2OC2mIm][Cl]; 1-(2-oxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C1OC2mIm][Cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-ethylimidazolium chloride, [OHC3eIm][Cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [OHC3mIm][Cl]; 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [OHC2mIm][Cl], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [bmim][Cl] and imidazolium chloride, [Im][Cl], were examined. The influence of polarity of the alkyl side chain of the imidazolium cation on the reduction of the ionic liquid’s toxicity is investigated. For all investigated seedlings, significant reduction of biomass was noted, with the incoherent influence of the ionic liquid (IL) concentration. The total inhibition of germination was shown at the highest used concentration for some of the used ionic liquids. Although investigated ILs affected root and shoot growth of cucumber, the effect on stress marker (MDA) as well as biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids was negligible. The data collected in this research suggest that tuning of the lipophilicity of imidazolium cations by the introduction of polar groups in the side alkyl chain does not have pronounced effect on cucumber, as it was shown for other plant species.
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Funding
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia under projects contract ON172012 and TR31036 and by The Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research of APV under project contract 142-451-2766/2018-01/02.
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Tot, A., Vraneš, M., Maksimović, I. et al. Evaluation of the impact of different alkyl length and type of substituent in imidazolium ionic liquids on cucumber germination, growth and oxidative stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 35594–35601 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3534-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3534-5