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Degradation of nitrobenzene wastewater in an acidic environment by Ti(IV)/H2O2/O3 in a rotating packed bed

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Abstract

The rotating packed bed (RPB) as a continuous flow reactor performs very well in degradation of nitrobenzene wastewater. In this study, acidic nitrobenzene wastewater was degraded using ozone (O3) combined with hydrogen peroxide and titanium ions (Ti(IV)/H2O2/O3) or using only H2O2/O3 in a RPB. The degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene by Ti(IV)/H2O2/O3 is roughly 16.84% higher than that by H2O2/O3, and it reaches as high as 94.64% in 30 min at a H2O2/O3 molar ratio of 0.48. It is also found that the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene is significantly affected by the high gravity factor, H2O2/O3 molar ratio, and Ti(IV) concentration, and it reaches a maximum at a high gravity factor of 40, a Ti(IV) concentration of 0.50 mmol/L, a pH of 4.0, a H2O2/O3 molar ratio of 0.48, a liquid flow rate of 120 L/h, and an initial nitrobenzene concentration of 1.22 mmol/L. Both direct ozonation and indirect ozonation are involved in the reaction of O3 with organic pollutants. The indirect ozonation due to the addition of different amounts of tert-butanol (·OH scavenger) in the system accounts for 84.31% of the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene, indicating that the nitrobenzene is dominantly oxidized by ·OH generated in the RPB-Ti(IV)/H2O2/O3 process. Furthermore, the possible oxidative degradation mechanisms are also proposed to better understand the role of RPB in the removal of pollutants.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China (U1610106) and Shanxi excellent talent science and technology innovation project (201705D211011), Specialized Research Fund for Sanjin Scholars Program of Shanxi Province (201707), and North University of China Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (201701).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, China

    Peizhen Yang, Youzhi Liu & Weizhou Jiao

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Shuai Luo

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  1. Peizhen Yang
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  2. Shuai Luo
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  3. Youzhi Liu
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  4. Weizhou Jiao
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Correspondence to Weizhou Jiao.

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Responsible editor: Suresh Pillai

Highlights

• Ti(IV)/H2O2/O3 process coupled with RPB was developed to degrade acidic nitrobenzene.

• The degradation efficiency reached 94.64% with the nitrobenzene concentration of 1.22 mmol/L in 30 min.

• Direct reaction and indirect reaction coexisting in the oxidation system were confirmed.

• Indirect ozonation accounted for 84.31% in the whole oxidation process.

• The possible degradation pathways were proposed.

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Yang, P., Luo, S., Liu, Y. et al. Degradation of nitrobenzene wastewater in an acidic environment by Ti(IV)/H2O2/O3 in a rotating packed bed. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 25060–25070 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2551-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2551-8

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