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Antialgal effects of α-linolenic acid on harmful bloom-forming Prorocentrum donghaiense and the antialgal mechanisms

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Abstract

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) induced by Prorocentrum donghaiense occur frequently and cause a serious threat to the marine ecosystem. In this study, antialgal effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) that is generally extracted from diverse macroalga on P. donghaiense were investigated. Specifically, the growth, cellular morphology and ultrastructure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytochrome C (Cyt-C), and caspase-9,3 activity of untreated and treated P. donghaiense were investigated. The results showed that ALA significantly inhibited the growth of P. donghaiense. Under ALA exposure, the cellular morphology and ultrastructure were damaged. ALA also induced ROS overproduction in the algal cells, decreased MMP, induced Cyt-C release, and activated caspase-9,3, which strongly relates to algal apoptosis. In summary, this study revealed the responses of morphology and physiology of P. donghaiense when exposed under ALA, and shows the potential of biotechnology on controlling P. donghaiense.

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Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31500414 and 31200400), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos. ZR2015CL015 and ZR2017MC037), Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientist in Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2016CB27), and Project of Science and Technology in Qufu Normal University (Grant No. xkj201608).

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Author notes

  1. Renjun Wang and Jialin Chen contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Renjun Wang, Jialin Chen, Ning Ding, Meiaoxue Han, Jianguo Wang, Xiuxia Liu, Ningning Zheng & Peike Gao

  2. Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, 271000, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Pan Zhang

Authors
  1. Renjun Wang
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  2. Jialin Chen
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  3. Ning Ding
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  4. Meiaoxue Han
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  5. Jianguo Wang
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  6. Pan Zhang
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Correspondence to Renjun Wang or Peike Gao.

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Responsible editor: Vitor Manuel Oliveira Vasconcelos

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Wang, R., Chen, J., Ding, N. et al. Antialgal effects of α-linolenic acid on harmful bloom-forming Prorocentrum donghaiense and the antialgal mechanisms. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 24798–24806 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2536-7

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