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Association between oral mucosal lesions and crack and cocaine addiction in men: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) and their association with crack/cocaine addiction in men. Clinical oral examination was performed in 161 adult male patients at the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. Crack/cocaine addiction was determined from the medical records, and all drug-addicted individuals used both crack and cocaine. All participants (40 crack/cocaine-addicted men and 121 non-addicted men) underwent a systematic evaluation of the lips, labial mucosa, commissures, buccal mucosa and sulcus, gingiva and alveolar ridge, tongue, floor of the mouth, and soft and hard palate by a single examiner. Bivariate and regression analyses were conducted to assess for the presence of OMLs and the association of OMLs with crack/cocaine addiction. OMLs were found in 22 participants with a significantly greater prevalence in the crack/cocaine-addicted group (25 vs. 9.9%; p = 0.01). The most prevalent types of lesions in the addicted group were traumatic ulcer and actinic cheilitis (7.5% for each) followed by fistulae associated with a retained dental root (5%). After adjusting for covariates, crack/cocaine addiction was significantly associated with OMLs (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.08–7.67; p = 0.03). The prevalence of OMLs was higher in crack/cocaine-addicted individuals, and crack/cocaine addiction was significantly associated with OMLs. A public health program aimed at the early diagnosis and treatment of OMLs is vital to improving the oral health status of individuals addicted to crack/cocaine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62. Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil

    Patricia Ramos Cury

  2. Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62. Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil

    Nara Santos Araujo, Maria das Graças Alonso Oliveira & Jean Nunes dos Santos

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  1. Patricia Ramos Cury
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  2. Nara Santos Araujo
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  3. Maria das Graças Alonso Oliveira
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  4. Jean Nunes dos Santos
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Correspondence to Patricia Ramos Cury.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Cury, P.R., Araujo, N.S., das Graças Alonso Oliveira, M. et al. Association between oral mucosal lesions and crack and cocaine addiction in men: a cross-sectional study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 19801–19807 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2120-1

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