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Immobilization of lead by application of soil amendment produced from vinegar residue, stainless steel slag, and weathered coal

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Abstract

This paper presents a new soil amendment used for immobilization of soil Pb, produced from vinegar residue, stainless steel slag, and weathered coal. The pH value measuring, granulation and adsorption experiments were carried out to determine the optimal composition of soil amendment. Optimizing soil amendment B2 was composed of vinegar residue, weathered coal (humic acid 61.53 wt%), and stainless steel slag with the ratio of 80∶16∶4, and particle size was in the range of 2–4 mm. In the leaching column experiment, B2 addition reduced the Pb release from the soil as well as increasing leachate pH and decreasing the bioavailable Pb concentration. The leachate Pb concentration decreased with lengthened leaching time under lower pH, but such a phenomenon disappeared in the rebounding period. Compared to control, the DTPA extractable Pb content in soil decreased by 12.41, 13.20, and 8.78% with the B2 addition amount of 1.00, 2.00, and 2.00 wt%, respectively. In addition, the total Pb content of each soil layer generally rose as B2 addition increased. It was concluded that application of B2 led to lower transport and transformation of Pb in soil. Based on the single chemical extraction, the environmental risk of Pb was decreased after application of B2. Meanwhile, soil amendment was also a new way to recycle vinegar residue, stainless steel slag, and weathered coal.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Science and Technology Key Program of Shanxi Province of China (20140311008-6) and Science and Technology Key Program of Shanxi Province of China (201603D21110-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China

    Guangpeng Pei, Yuxin Li, Yuen Zhu & Hua Li

  2. Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China

    Guangpeng Pei

  3. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Weiyu Shi

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  1. Guangpeng Pei
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  2. Yuxin Li
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  3. Yuen Zhu
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Correspondence to Weiyu Shi or Hua Li.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Pei, G., Li, Y., Zhu, Y. et al. Immobilization of lead by application of soil amendment produced from vinegar residue, stainless steel slag, and weathered coal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 22301–22311 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9917-1

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