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Assessment of the availability of As and Pb in soils after in situ stabilization

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Abstract

The in situ stabilization has been widely used to remediate metal-contaminated soil. However, the long-term retaining performance of heavy metals and the associated risk after in situ stabilization remains unclear and has evoked amounting concerns. Here, Pb- or As-contaminated soil was stabilized by a commercial amendment. The availability of Pb and As after in situ stabilization were estimated by ten different in vitro chemical extractions and DGT technique. After amendment application, a significant decline in extractable Pb or As was observed in treatments of Milli-Q water, 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.1 M NaNO3, 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4, and 0.43 M HOAc. Potential available metal(loid)s determined by DGT also showed remarkable reduction. Meanwhile, the results of in vivo uptake assays demonstrated that Pb concentrations in shoots of ryegrass Lolium perenne L. declined to 12% of the control samples, comparable to the extraction ratio of 0.1 M NaNO3 (15.8%) and 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4 (17.3%). For As-contaminated soil, 0.43 M HOAC provided a better estimation of relative phytoavailability (64.6 vs. 65.4% in ryegrass) compared to other extraction methods. We propose that 0.1 M NaNO3 or 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4 for Pb and 0.43 M HOAc for As may serve as surrogate measures to estimate the lability of metal(loid)s after soil remediation of the tested contaminated soils. Further studies over a wider range of soil types and amendments are necessary to validate extraction methods.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Research Projects of Environmental Protection Public Welfare Industry in China (201509035) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41671484) for funding this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Wanying Zhang, Dongmei Zhou & Fei Dang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China

    Wanying Zhang

  3. State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Institute of Wastes and Soil Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, No. 508 Qinzhou Road, Shanghai, 200233, China

    Jie Yang & Zhongyuan Li

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  1. Wanying Zhang
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  2. Jie Yang
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  3. Zhongyuan Li
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  4. Dongmei Zhou
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  5. Fei Dang
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Correspondence to Fei Dang.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Zhang, W., Yang, J., Li, Z. et al. Assessment of the availability of As and Pb in soils after in situ stabilization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 23153–23160 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9877-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9877-5

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