Abstract
In the present experimental analysis, two non-edible oils namely neem oil and pumpkin seed oil were considered. They are converted into respective biodiesels namely neem oil methyl ester (B1) and pumpkin seed oil methyl ester (B2) through transesterification process and their physical and chemical properties were examined using ASTM standards. Diesel was used as a baseline fuel in Kirloskar TV1 model direct injection four stroke diesel engine. A fuel preheater was designed and fabricated to operate at various temperatures (60, 70, and 80 °C). Diesel showed higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than biodiesel samples. Lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was obtained with diesel than B1 sample. B1 exhibited lower BSFC than B2 sample without preheating process. High preheating temperature (80 °C) results in lower fuel consumption for B1 sample. The engine emission characteristics like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke were found lower with B1 sample than diesel and B2 except oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission. In preheating of fuel, B1 sample with high preheating temperature showed lower CO, HC, and smoke emission (except NOx) than B2 sample.
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Abbreviations
- ASTM:
-
American Society for Testing and Materials
- D:
-
100% diesel
- B1:
-
100% neem oil methyl ester
- B2:
-
100% pumpkin seed oil methyl ester
- DI:
-
Direct injection
- HE:
-
Heat exchanger
- WPH:
-
Without preheating
- PH-60 °C:
-
Preheating at 60 °C
- PH-70 °C:
-
Preheating at 70 °C
- PH-80 °C:
-
Preheating at 80 °C
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency
- BSFC:
-
Brake specific fuel consumption
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbon
- NOx:
-
Oxides of nitrogen
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Funding
The authors would like to express their thanks to the University Grants Commission-South Eastern Regional Office, Hyderabad, India, for financial support through Minor research project for teachers with grant number 4-4/2013-14 (MRP-SEM/UGC-SERO).
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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Highlights
• Neat neem oil and pumpkin seed oil were considered as a prime source for the biodiesel production and investigated in the diesel engine.
• The application of preheater technique tends to improve the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesels.
• For neat biodiesels, the improved performance characteristics were observed with high preheating temperature.
• Lower CO, HC, and smoke emissions were observed with preheating of fuels.
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Ramakrishnan, M., Rathinam, T.M. & Viswanathan, K. Comparative studies on the performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with neem oil and pumpkin seed oil biodiesel with and without fuel preheater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 4621–4631 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0838-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0838-9