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Investigation of heavy metal pollution in eastern Aegean Sea coastal waters by using Cystoseira barbata, Patella caerulea, and Liza aurata as biological indicators

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Abstract

In order to have an extensive contamination profile of heavy metal levels (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), seawater, sediment, Patella caerulea, Cystoseira barbata, and Liza aurata were investigated by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Samples were collected from five coastal stations along the eastern Aegean Sea coast (Turkey) on a monthly basis from July 2002 through May 2003. According to the results of this study, heavy metal levels were arranged in the following sequence: Fe > Pb > Zn > Mn > Ni > Cu > Cd for water, Fe > Cu > Mn > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cd for sediment, Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu for C. barbata, Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd for P. caerulea, and Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd for L. aurata. Moreover, positive relationships between Fe in water and Mn in water, Fe in sediment and Mn in sediment, Fe in C. barbata and Mn in C. barbata, Fe in P. caerulea and Mn in P. caerulea, and Fe in L. aurata and Mn in L. aurata may suggest that these metals could be originated from the same anthropogenic source. C. barbata represented with higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) values, especially for Fe, Mn, and Zn values. This observation may support that C. barbata can be used as an indicator species for the determinations of Fe, Mn, and Zn levels. Regarding Turkish Food Codex Regulation’s residue limits, metal values in L. aurata were found to be lower than the maximum permissible levels issued by Turkish legislation and also the recommended limits set by FAO/WHO guidelines. The results of the investigation indicated that P. caerulea, L. aurata, and especially C. barbata are quantitative water-quality bioindicators and biomonitoring subjects for biologically available metal accumulation for Aegean Sea coastal waters.

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Acknowledgments

The data of this study was obtained from a master thesis carried out at the Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences of Celal Bayar University. The authors would like to thank the Head of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Celal Bayar University for providing laboratory facilities. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Murat Tutam, the technical staff of Manisa Directorate of Provincial Food Agriculture and Livestock, Agricultural Analysis Laboratory, for his assistance in analysis of heavy metals by ICP-MS. The authors would like to express sincere thanks to Assist. Prof. Orkide Minareci, Assoc. Prof. Ersin Minareci, Hülya Can, and Esat Aydın for their assistance during this study. Thanks are expressed to all the people who helped with some aspects of this study and also anonymous reviewers for scientific suggestions and constructive comments for improving the manuscript.

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  1. Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey

    S. Aydın-Önen

  2. Faculty of Education, Science Education Department, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey

    M. Öztürk

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Aydın-Önen, S., Öztürk, M. Investigation of heavy metal pollution in eastern Aegean Sea coastal waters by using Cystoseira barbata, Patella caerulea, and Liza aurata as biological indicators. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 7310–7334 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8226-4

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