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Field investigations of dissipations and residues of cyazofamid in soil and tomato: risk assessment of human exposure to cyazofamid via tomato intake

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Abstract

Cyazofamid, as a fungicide of the novel cyanoimidazole chemical class, has been widely used to control tomato late blight. Understanding of cyazofamid residues in environment and crops is an essential prerequisite for its risk assessment. In this study, field investigations in four typical tomato-producing areas were conducted to explore the dissipation kinetics and residues of cyazofamid and its primary metabolite 4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile (CCIM) in soil and tomato. A robust method using QuEChERS coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous analysis of cyazofamid and CCIM, with limits of quantification of 0.33 and 3.8 μg/kg, respectively. Field trials showed that the half-lives of cyazofamid were 3.6–6.9 days in soil and 12.2–18.3 days in tomato. The total residues of cyazofamid and CCIM in tomato collected at three time intervals were all below 0.5 mg/kg. Moreover, the potential risks of total residues via tomato intake to ten population subgroups were evaluated. We found that the risk quotient values were all generally low (0.13–1.3%), indicating that the recommended dose of cyazofamid on tomato will not result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference value. Here, the results of field investigation provided important information for further understanding the behavior and risk of cyazofamid in the natural environment.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Zhejiang Province of Natural Science Foundation (grant numbers LQ16B070003, 2015C32039), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31401772, 31501685, 31501668), and Young Scientist Training Program of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The authors are very grateful to anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China

    Zhenlan Xu, Changpeng Zhang, Jianzhong Yu, Chunrong Zhang, Min Wu, Hongmei He, Yahong Zhu, Fangyuan Lou, Yuanyuan Wu, Yanhua Wang, Liezhong Chen, Hua Zhao, Qiang Wang & Leiming Cai

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  1. Zhenlan Xu
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  2. Changpeng Zhang
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  3. Jianzhong Yu
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  4. Chunrong Zhang
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  5. Min Wu
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  6. Hongmei He
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  7. Yahong Zhu
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  9. Yuanyuan Wu
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  10. Yanhua Wang
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  11. Liezhong Chen
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  12. Hua Zhao
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  13. Qiang Wang
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  14. Leiming Cai
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Correspondence to Zhenlan Xu or Leiming Cai.

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Responsible editor: Hongwen Sun

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Xu, Z., Zhang, C., Yu, J. et al. Field investigations of dissipations and residues of cyazofamid in soil and tomato: risk assessment of human exposure to cyazofamid via tomato intake. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 3483–3492 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8106-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8106-y

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