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Migration and transformation rule of heavy metals in sludge during hydrolysis for protein extraction

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Abstract

The content and speciation of heavy metals can fundamentally affect the hydrolysis of sludge. This research study investigates the migration and transformation rule of heavy metals during the hydrolysis process by measuring the content of exchangeables (F1), bound to carbonates (F2), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (F3), bound to organic matter (F4), and residuals (F5) under different periods of time undergoing hydrolysis. The results show that the hydrolysis process generally stabilized Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cr, and As by transforming the unstable states into structurally stable states. Such transformations and stabilization were primarily caused by the changes in local metal ion environment and bonding structure, oxidation of sulfides, pyrolyzation of organic matter, and evaporation of resulting volatile materials. An X-ray diffractometry (XRD) of the residuals conducted after hydrolysis indicated that hydrolysis did have a significant influence on the transportation and transformation of heavy metals.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20130075110006) and “Textile light” application basic research of China (J201503) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (15D111321).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Yulong Li, Fei Xue, Jiebing Li, Shi hong Xu & Dengxin Li

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  1. Yulong Li
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  2. Fei Xue
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  4. Shi hong Xu
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  5. Dengxin Li
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Correspondence to Dengxin Li.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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This manuscript first studied the migration and transformation rule of heavy metals during the hydrolysis process and analyzed the hydrolysis mechanism.

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Li, Y., Xue, F., Li, J. et al. Migration and transformation rule of heavy metals in sludge during hydrolysis for protein extraction. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 5352–5360 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5646-5

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