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Phytotoxicity evaluation of some commonly used shampoos using Brassica napus L.

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Abstract

Hair shampoos are among the most commonly used chemicals in everyday life. Since shampoos are a major component of domestic and municipal wastewater, they may affect plants when irrigated with wastewater. However, their effects on plants have never been investigated in detail. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of some commonly used hair shampoos on seed germination and seedling vigor of Brassica napus. Seeds of Brassica napus were exposed to different concentrations of hair shampoos, i.e., 0 (control), 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 %. The obtained results revealed that germination was not very sensitive to shampoo stress and was significantly inhibited only at the highest tested concentration (10 %) of shampoo except in the case of one shampoo where it was inhibited at concentration of 1 % or above. The other tested parameters of Brassica napus were comparatively more sensitive than germination to shampoo stress. However, at lower concentrations of shampoos, stimulatory effects were also observed in some cases. Although no exact data is available on shampoo concentration in wastewater used for irrigation, it is unlikely that shampoo concentration in irrigation water reach so high and pose adversity to plants.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to all the staff at the department of Botany, KUST, for their support. We also acknowledge KUST for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan

    Faiqa Naeem, Faiza Ahmed, Memoona Kanwal, Waheed Murad & Azizullah Azizullah

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  1. Faiqa Naeem
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  2. Faiza Ahmed
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  3. Memoona Kanwal
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  4. Waheed Murad
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  5. Azizullah Azizullah
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Correspondence to Azizullah Azizullah.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Naeem, F., Ahmed, F., Kanwal, M. et al. Phytotoxicity evaluation of some commonly used shampoos using Brassica napus L.. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 15164–15170 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5054-x

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