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A 3-year study on occurrence of emerging contaminants in an urban stream of São Paulo State of Southeast Brazil

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Abstract

This manuscript reports a 3-year study on occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and triclosan in surface waters of a central urban region of São Paulo State of Southeast Brazil (the Monjolinho River in São Carlos). Water samples collected once at every 2 months were pre-concentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most frequently detected compounds in higher concentrations were caffeine, paracetamol, and atenolol (maximum concentrations 129,585, 30,421, and 8199 ng L−1, respectively), while hormones estrone and 17-β-estradiol were the least detected, in levels up to 14.8 ng L−1. There was an increasing trend in concentrations of most of the compounds along the river course, especially downstream of the river where there is discharge of both wastewater treatment plant effluent and raw sewage from a particular region of São Carlos city. Concentrations of contaminants were higher during dry periods as a result of decline in the water levels. Decrease in concentrations near the river mouth occurred to different extents for each compound. It was high for caffeine and atenolol, but was very low for carbamazepine and diclofenac. The present study reports the first data about the occurrence of some major emerging contaminants in the Monjolinho River. Besides its regional significance, this work may assist in composing a dataset for water contamination diagnosis focusing on emerging contaminants, both in the Brazilian as well as in the Global studies related to aquatic ecosystems. Such datasets can be helpful for making future public policies on water quality, since these compounds are not yet legally regulated.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personal (CAPES, research project n° 3039/2010), the National Council of Scientific and Tecnological Development (CNPq, grants #140771/2012-3 and 403580/2013-7), the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, processes 2012/14403-7 and 10/01731-0), and ANP-Petrobrás (project 0050.0043180.08.4; agreement 4600295977) for the financial support of this project.

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  1. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil

    Mariele B. Campanha, Almas Taj Awan, Diana N. R. de Sousa, Guilherme M. Grosseli, Antonio A. Mozeto & Pedro S. Fadini

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  1. Mariele B. Campanha
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  2. Almas Taj Awan
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Correspondence to Pedro S. Fadini.

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Campanha, M.B., Awan, A.T., de Sousa, D.N.R. et al. A 3-year study on occurrence of emerging contaminants in an urban stream of São Paulo State of Southeast Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 7936–7947 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3929-x

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