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A review of plant–pharmaceutical interactions: from uptake and effects in crop plants to phytoremediation in constructed wetlands

  • 14th EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment (ICCE 2013, Barcelona, June 25 - 28, 2013)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals are commonly found both in the aquatic and the agricultural environments as a consequence of the human activities and associated discharge of wastewater effluents to the environment. The utilization of treated effluent for crop irrigation, along with land application of manure and biosolids, accelerates the introduction of these compounds into arable lands and crops. Despite the low concentrations of pharmaceuticals usually found, the continuous introduction into the environment from different pathways makes them ‘pseudo-persistent’. Several reviews have been published regarding the potential impact of veterinary and human pharmaceuticals on arable land. However, plant uptake as well as phytotoxicity data are scarcely studied. Simultaneously, phytoremediation as a tool for pharmaceutical removal from soils, sediments and water is starting to be researched, with promising results. This review gives an in-depth overview of the phytotoxicity of pharmaceuticals, their uptake and their removal by plants. The aim of the current work was to map the present knowledge concerning pharmaceutical interactions with plants in terms of uptake and the use of plant-based systems for phytoremediation purposes.

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Acknowledgments

The study was funded by the Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF) Center for Advanced Water Purification and partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE—Operational Competitiveness Programme and national funds through Portuguese FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology under the project ‘PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011’.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Building 1135, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Pedro N. Carvalho & Hans Brix

  2. CIIMAR/CIMAR and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    M. Clara P. Basto

  3. CIIMAR/CIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    C. Marisa R. Almeida

Authors
  1. Pedro N. Carvalho
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  2. M. Clara P. Basto
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  3. C. Marisa R. Almeida
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  4. Hans Brix
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Correspondence to Pedro N. Carvalho.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Carvalho, P.N., Basto, M.C.P., Almeida, C.M.R. et al. A review of plant–pharmaceutical interactions: from uptake and effects in crop plants to phytoremediation in constructed wetlands. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 11729–11763 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2550-3

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