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Acute oral toxicity and liver oxidant/antioxidant stress of halogenated benzene, phenol, and diphenyl ether in mice: a comparative and mechanism exploration

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Abstract

The lethal doses (LD50s) of fluorinated, chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated benzene, phenol, and diphenyl ether in mice were ascertained respectively under the consistent condition. The acute toxicity of four benzenes orders in fluorobenzene (FB) < iodobenzene < chlorobenzene≈bromobenzene, that of four phenols orders in 4-iodophenol≈4-bromophenol < 4-chlorophenol (4-MCP) < 4-fluorophenol (4-MFP), and that of four diphenyl ethers orders in 4,4′-iododiphenyl ether < 4,4′-difluorodiphenyl ether < 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl ether≈4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether. General behavior adverse effects were observed, and poisoned mouse were dissected to observe visceral lesions. FB, 4-MCP, and 4-MFP produced toxic faster than other halogenated benzenes and phenols, as they had lower octanol–water partition coefficients. Pathological changes in liver and liver/kidney weight changes were also observed. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, and malondialdehyde level were tested after a 28-day exposure, which reflects a toxicity order basically consistent with that reflected by the LD50s. By theoretical calculation and building models, the toxicity of benzene, phenol, and diphenyl ether were influenced by different structural properties.

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41071319, 20977046, and 20737001), the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB42160-4), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 1112021101), and the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China (No. 2012ZX07506-001).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China

    Jiaqi Shi, Mingbao Feng, Xuesheng Zhang, Zhongbo Wei & Zunyao Wang

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  1. Jiaqi Shi
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Correspondence to Zunyao Wang.

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Shi, J., Feng, M., Zhang, X. et al. Acute oral toxicity and liver oxidant/antioxidant stress of halogenated benzene, phenol, and diphenyl ether in mice: a comparative and mechanism exploration. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 6138–6149 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1622-0

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