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Neutron Diffraction Measurement of Stress Redistribution in Parallel Seven-Wire Strands after Local Fracture

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Abstract

We report results from neutron diffraction experiments where partitioning of applied tensile load between the inner and outer wires of seven-wire parallel and quasi-parallel wire strands were measured while 1-all wires were undergoing elastic deformation, 2-where one wire within the bundle was undergoing plastic flow and, 3-when one or more wires fractured under load. The results indicate that mechanical interference and friction mechanisms have similar contributions to the load transferred to fractured wires, and both mechanisms should be included in analytical or numerical formulations of strain partitioning in quasi-parallel wire cables.

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Notes

  1. We define the “effective stress transfer length” as the longitudinal distance, measured from the fracture location, a broken wire recovers its full share of the applied load when multiple strain transfer mechanisms are operating.

  2. Figure 1(b) depicts a load-bearing wire with a full twist around a short wire-segment. In our experiments the outer wires were twisted very slightly around the central axis. However, since the wires were clamped together, compatibility of deformation within the strand would hinder unraveling of individual wires and create pinch points.

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  5. We are using ∂ε yy / ∂σ A only as a relative measure of the load uptake between identical wires loaded simultaneously, in parallel, from a common set of grips in the elastic regime. If all other parameters are equal, ∂ε yy / ∂σ A should be identical in all wires[16–19]. Further details about Rietveld fitting and associated reliability factors can be found in Reference [20].

  6. To check the precision of the data, strain measurements were repeated in each wire of Sample S3-I at 225 MPa applied load. We observe that the scatter in the data for all wires are quite close to the error calculated by the GSAS program.

  7. This also shows that the strain calculated through the Rietveld procedure is equivalent to the average macroscopic elastic strain.

  8. Such constraint can also account for the compressive residual strain observed in the central wire after fracture: due to the rapid, dynamic, contraction, the broken wire segment shrinks past the zero strain level and the friction of the (stationary) surrounding wires prevent it from lengthening subsequently to reach zero strain.

  9. This value is calculated from the applied load with the actual cross-section for six wires.

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Acknowledgments

This work is part of the work for the Master of Science degree for Mr. Fang Mei. We thank Mr. Eric J. Larson of Lujan Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, for Figs. 1 and 4; Mr. Travis Simmons, Senior Lab Technician, Carleton Laboratory, for machining the necessary specimen fixtures; Dr. Liming Li for help with sample manufacture and testing; Prof. Chris Marianetti for the welding process and helpful discussions and Mr. Tzu–Cheng Hsu and Mr. Yu-Min Peng for metallographic analysis. The samples were developed and manufactured in the facilities of the Carleton Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Department, Fu School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University. This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, funded by the Department of Energy’s Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Fu Foundation School of Eng. & Appl. Sci. Columbia University, 500 W120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA

    F. Mei & I. C. Noyan

  2. Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Fu Foundation School of Eng. & Appl. Sci. Columbia University, 500 W120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA

    A. Brügger & R. Betti

  3. Lujan Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    B. Clausen, D. Brown & T. Sisneros

Authors
  1. F. Mei
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  2. I. C. Noyan
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  3. A. Brügger
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  4. R. Betti
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  5. B. Clausen
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  6. D. Brown
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  7. T. Sisneros
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Correspondence to I. C. Noyan.

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Mei, F., Noyan, I.C., Brügger, A. et al. Neutron Diffraction Measurement of Stress Redistribution in Parallel Seven-Wire Strands after Local Fracture. Exp Mech 53, 183–193 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-012-9621-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-012-9621-5

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