Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Pulse-Heated Kolsky Bar Technique for Measuring the Flow Stress of Metals at High Loading and Heating Rates

  • Published:
Experimental Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed an electrical pulse-heated Kolsky Bar technique for measuring the constitutive response of metals at heating rates of up to 6,000 K/s and strain rates up to 104 s−1. Under these conditions, which are approaching those found in high speed machining, thermally activated microstructural processes such as grain growth, solid state phase transformation and dislocation annealing can be bypassed, leading to unique non-equilibrium superheated microstructural states. Flow stresses can thus differ significantly from equilibrium high temperature conditions. This paper describes the NIST pulse-heated Kolsky bar technique in detail, including a thorough assessment of uncertainties in temperature and flow stress measurement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Commercial products are identified in this work to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

References

  1. Kalpakjian S (1991) Manufacturing processes for engineering materials, 2nd edn. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gray GT III (1990) Classic split-Hopkinson pressure bar testing. ASM Handbook 8:462–476. Materials Park, Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Basak D, Yoon HW, Rhorer R, Burns TJ, Matsumoto T (2004) Temperature control of pulse heated specimens in a Kolsky Bar apparatus using microsecond time-resolved pyrometry. Int J Thermophys 252:561–574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Frost HJ, Ashby MF (1982) Deformation mechanism maps: the plasticity and creep of metals and ceramics. Pergamon, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lindholm US, Yeakley LM (1968) High strain-rate testing: tension and compression. Exp Mech 8:1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. DeWitt DP, Nutter GD (1988) Theory and practice of radiation thermometry. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lifshitz JM, Leber H (1994) Data processing in the split Hopkinson pressure bar tests. Int J Impact Eng 156:723–733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bertholf LD, Karnes KH (1975) Two-dimensional analysis of the split Hopkinson pressure bar system. J Mech Phys Solids 23:1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hild F, Roux S (2006) Digital image correlation: from displacement measurement to identification of elastic properties—a review. Strain 42:69–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen W, Song B, Frew DJ, Forrestal MJ (2003) Dynamic small strain measurements of a metal specimen with a split Hopkinson pressure bar. Exp Mech 43:20–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Davies EDH, Hunter SC (1963) The dynamic compression testing of solids by the method of the split-Hopkinson pressure bar. J Mech Phys Solids 11:155–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hertzberg RW (1989) Deformation and fracture mechanics of engineering materials, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, p 21.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallurgy Division, MSEL, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA

    S. P. Mates

  2. Manufacturing Metrology Division, MEL, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA

    R. Rhorer (SEM member) & E. Whitenton (SEM member)

  3. Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division, ITL, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA

    T. Burns

  4. Orbital Sciences Corp., Dulles, VA, USA

    D. Basak

Authors
  1. S. P. Mates
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Rhorer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. Whitenton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. T. Burns
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. D. Basak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. P. Mates.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mates, S.P., Rhorer, R., Whitenton, E. et al. A Pulse-Heated Kolsky Bar Technique for Measuring the Flow Stress of Metals at High Loading and Heating Rates. Exp Mech 48, 799–807 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-008-9137-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-008-9137-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation