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Overtraining elevates serum protease level, increases renal p16INK4α gene expression and induces apoptosis in rat kidney

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Abstract

Background

Overtraining is well known to cause oxidative stress-related apoptosis. However, it also can cause serum protease activity elevation. On the other hand, p16INK4α regulates kidney aging and apoptosis. Hitherto, no studies have determined the relation of overtraining with protease activity and p16INK4α expression regarding kidney apoptosis.

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of overtraining on serum protease activity and renal p16INK4α expression, as well as its relation to renal apoptosis in Wistar rats.

Methods

Thirty experimentally naive male Wistar albino rats (2.5–3 months old, weighing 150–200 g) were divided randomly into three groups: control (C) group (n = 10, without any training program), trained (T) group (n = 10, 30 min of swimming, 3 times a week for 3 weeks) and overtrained (OT) group (n = 10, 60 min of swimming, 7 times a week for 3 weeks).

Results

Overtraining increased MDA levels in OT group compare to C and T groups (p < 0.01). We showed that the OT group has a higher serum protease enzyme activity (p < 0.01) and p16INK4α mRNA (p < 0.01) than both C group and T group. In addition, no apoptotic cell was observed in kidneys isolated from the C group, while it was observed in both T and OT groups. There was a positive correlation between the serum protease enzyme activity (r = 0.867; p < 0.01) and p16INK4α mRNA level (r = 0.514; p < 0.01) with the apoptosis in the renal cells.

Conclusions

In summary, our result indicated that overtraining elevates serum protease level, increases renal p16INK4α expression and induces apoptosis in rat kidney.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Dhyana Pura University, Bali, Indonesia

    Bambang Hadi Kartiko

  2. Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan

    Ferbian Milas Siswanto

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  1. Bambang Hadi Kartiko
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  2. Ferbian Milas Siswanto
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Correspondence to Ferbian Milas Siswanto.

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The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.

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All procedures performed in studies involving rats as animal models were conducted in accordance with guideline on the welfare of experimental animals and with the approval of the Ethics Committee on the use of animals of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University.

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Kartiko, B.H., Siswanto, F.M. Overtraining elevates serum protease level, increases renal p16INK4α gene expression and induces apoptosis in rat kidney. Sport Sci Health 14, 331–337 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0433-6

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