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Preclinical ImmunoPET Imaging of Glioblastoma-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Using Zirconium-89 Labeled Anti-CD11b Antibody

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Abstract

Purpose

Glioblastoma is a lethal brain tumor, heavily infiltrated by tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). TAMCs are emerging as a promising therapeutic target as they suppress anti-tumor immune responses and promote tumor cell growth. Quantifying TAMCs using non-invasive immunoPET could facilitate patient stratification for TAMC-targeted treatments and monitoring of treatment efficacy. As TAMCs uniformly express the cell surface marker, integrin CD11b, we evaluated a Zr-89 labeled anti-CD11b antibody for non-invasive imaging of TAMCs in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse glioma model.

Procedures

A human/mouse cross-reactive anti-CD11b antibody (clone M1/70) was conjugated to a DFO chelator and radiolabeled with Zr-89. PET/CT and biodistribution with or without a blocking dose of anti-CD11b Ab were performed 72 h post-injection (p.i.) of [89Zr]anti-CD11b Ab in mice bearing established orthotopic syngeneic GL261 gliomas and in non tumor-bearing mice. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry of dissected GL261 tumors were conducted to confirm the presence of CD11b+ TAMCs.

Results

Significant uptake of [89Zr]anti-CD11b Ab was detected at the tumor site (SUVmean = 2.60 ± 0.24) compared with the contralateral hemisphere (SUVmean = 0.6 ± 0.11). Blocking with a 10-fold lower specific activity of [89Zr]anti-CD11b Ab markedly reduced the SUV in the right brain (SUVmean = 0.11 ± 0.06), demonstrating specificity. Spleen and lymph nodes (myeloid cell rich organs) also showed high uptake of the tracer, and biodistribution analysis correlated with the imaging results. CD11b expression within the tumor was validated using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, which showed high CD11b expression primarily in the tumoral hemisphere compared with the contralateral hemisphere with very minimal accumulation in non tumor-bearing brain.

Conclusion

These data establish that [89Zr]anti-CD11b Ab immunoPET targets CD11b+ cells (TAMCs) with high specificity in a mouse model of GBM, demonstrating the potential for non-invasive quantification of tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ immune cells during disease progression and immunotherapy in patients with GBM.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Kathryn Day and Joseph Latoche for assisting with preclinical PET/CT imaging and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Histology Core for providing IHC assistance.

Funding

This work was funded by National Institute of Health grant R21 EB026675 (WBE, GK), UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Animal Facility, In Vivo Imaging Facility, Biostatistics Facility (NCI P30 CA047904), and the St. Baldrick’s Foundation; the Henry Cermak Fund for Pediatric Cancer Research, a St. Baldrick’s Hero Fund.

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Author notes

  1. Shubhanchi Nigam and Lauren McCarl contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Shubhanchi Nigam, Robert S. Edinger, Carolyn J. Anderson, Ashok Panigrahy & W. Barry Edwards

  2. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Lauren McCarl, Rajeev Kumar & Gary Kohanbash

  3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Brenda F. Kurland

  4. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Carolyn J. Anderson & W. Barry Edwards

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Carolyn J. Anderson

  6. Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Carolyn J. Anderson

  7. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Gary Kohanbash

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  1. Shubhanchi Nigam
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Correspondence to Gary Kohanbash or W. Barry Edwards.

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All applicable institutional and/or national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Conflict of Interest

Dr. Anderson has a research grant from Lumiphore and is on their scientific advisory board. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to report.

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Nigam, S., McCarl, L., Kumar, R. et al. Preclinical ImmunoPET Imaging of Glioblastoma-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Using Zirconium-89 Labeled Anti-CD11b Antibody. Mol Imaging Biol 22, 685–694 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-019-01427-1

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