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The influence of storage on the “chemical age” of red wines

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Abstract

Storage conditions and duration have a considerable influence on wine quality. Optimum temperature and humidity conditions may improve wine quality through ageing, while incorrect or excessively long storage leads to negative results. In order to evaluate the global effects of storage on red wine composition, 20 Sangiovese wines were stored in two different conditions (cellar or house) for a period of 2 years and analysed every 6 months. Untargeted LC–MS analysis showed various putative markers for the type and length of conservation (i.e. pigments, flavanols, pantothenic acid etc.), while targeted LC–MS confirmed and expanded these results within specific metabolic groups. The results of multivariate analysis showed that wines stored in the cellar changed little even after 2 years of storage, while wines stored in typical domestic conditions (house) developed approximately four times faster, reaching a composition similar to wines stored in the cellar for 2 years after just 6 months. The formation of several monosulfonated flavanols during domestic ageing provided the first evidence in wine of a reaction between wine tannins—both catechins and proanthocyanidins—and the exogenous antioxidant bisulfite. Moreover, ageing in domestic conditions appeared to induce an accelerated decrease in wine pigments, while specifically promoting the formation of pinotin A-like pigments and the hydrolysis of flavonol glycosides.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Consortium di Montalcino for providing the grapes, Tomas Roman for small scale winemaking, Mario Malacarne for basic oenological analysis, Pietro Franceschi for his useful comments and the winery of the Fondazione Edmund Mach for the cellar storage experiment. To the project: QUALIFU – Qualità alimentare e funzionale, D.M. 2087/7303/09 of 28/01/2009, for financial support.

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The authors have no conflict of interest to declare in submitting this manuscript.

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  1. Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy

    Panagiotis Arapitsas, Giuseppe Speri, Andrea Angeli, Daniele Perenzoni & Fulvio Mattivi

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  1. Panagiotis Arapitsas
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  2. Giuseppe Speri
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  3. Andrea Angeli
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  4. Daniele Perenzoni
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  5. Fulvio Mattivi
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Correspondence to Fulvio Mattivi.

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Arapitsas, P., Speri, G., Angeli, A. et al. The influence of storage on the “chemical age” of red wines. Metabolomics 10, 816–832 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-014-0638-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-014-0638-x

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