Abstract
This paper presents a systematic literature review of the research on individual differences on applicant attraction. After capturing the relevance of the research field, we analyze and operationalize different terms for applicant attraction. Our research shows that applicant attraction is a comprehensive term for (prospective) applicants’ perceptions, intentions, and behavior based on different stages of the recruitment process. We also analyze applied theories and frameworks on the basis of which we develop five broad categories that represent the applied theories and frameworks in research on individual differences on applicant attraction. To structure the broad variety of individual differences on applicant attraction, we develop a classification for individual differences. Based on the analysis we identified different avenues for future research. Beside theoretical and methodical research issues, gaps concerning applicant’s view of the recruitment process, a lack of research on specific individual differences as well as practice-oriented gaps are identified.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acarlar G, Bilgiç R (2013) Factors influencing applicant willingness to apply for the advertised job opening: the mediational role of credibility, satisfaction and attraction. Int J Sel Assess 24:50–77. doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.667427
Adams G, Rau B (2004) Job seeking among retirees seeking bridge employment. Pers Psychol 57:719–744. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2004.00005.x
Adkins CL, Russell CJ, Werber JD (1994) Judgments of fit in the selection process: the role of work value congruence. Pers Psychol 47:605–623. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01740.x
Aiman-Smith L, Bauer TN, Cable DM (2001) Are you attracted? Do you intend to pursue? A recruiting policy-capturing study. J Bus Psychol 16:219–237. doi:10.1023/A:1011157116322
Ajzen I (1991) The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 50:179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Allen DG, Mahto RV, Otondo RF (2007) Web-based recruitment: effects of information, organizational brand, and attitudes toward a web site on applicant attraction. J Appl Psychol 92:1696–1708. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1696
Anderson N, Ahmed S, Costa AC et al (2008) Applicant reactions in Saudi Arabia: organizational attractiveness and core-self evaluation. Int J Sel Assess 20:197–208
Ashton MC (2013) Individual differences and personality. Academic Press, London
Atkinson KM, Koenka AC, Sanchez CE et al (2015) Reporting standards for literature searches and report inclusion criteria: making research syntheses more transparent and easy to replicate. Res Synth Methods 6:87–95. doi:10.1002/jrsm.1127
Avery DR (2003) Reactions to diversity in recruitment advertising—Are differences black and white? J Appl Psychol 88:672–679. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.672
Avery DR, McKay PF (2006) Target practice: an organizational impression management approach to attracting minority and female job applicants. Pers Psychol 59:157–187. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00807.x
Avery DR, Volpone SD, Stewart RW et al (2013) Examining the draw of diversity: how diversity climate perceptions affect job-pursuit intentions. Hum Resour Manag 52:175–193. doi:10.1002/hrm
Backhaus KB, Stone BA, Heiner K (2002) Exploring the relationship between corporate social performance and employer attractiveness. Bus Soc 41:292–318. doi:10.1080/02701367.2009.10599532
Banks GC, Kepes S, Joshi M, Seers A (2015) Social identity and applicant attraction: exploring the role of multiple levels of self. J Organ Behav 37:326–345. doi:10.1002/job.2043
Bauer TN, Aiman-Smith L (1996) Green career choices: the influence of ecological stance on recruiting. J Bus Psychol 10:445–458. doi:10.1007/BF02251780
Bauer TN, Maertz CP, Dolen MR, Campion MA (1998) Longitudinal assessment of applicant reactions to employment testing and test outcome feedback. J Appl Psychol 83:892–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.892
Bauer TN, Truxillo D, Paronto ME et al (2004) Applicant reactions to different selection technology: face-to-face, interactive voice screening interviews. Int J Sel Assess 12:135–148
Bauer TN, Truxillo DM, Tucker JS et al (2006) Selection in the information age: the impact of privacy concerns and computer experience on applicant reactions. J Manag 32:601–621. doi:10.1177/0149206306289829
Baum M, Kabst R (2013) Conjoint implications on job preferences: the moderating role of involvement. Int J Hum Resour Manag 24:1393–1417. doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.712542
Baum M, Kabst R (2014) The effectiveness of recruitment advertisements and recruitment websites: indirect and interactive effects on applicant attraction. Hum Resour Manag 53:353–378. doi:10.1002/hrm.21571
Beach LR (1993) Image theory: an alternative to normative decision theory. Adv Consum Res 40:235–238. doi:10.1057/jors.1991.87
Behling O, Labovitz G, Gainer M (1968) College recruiting: a theoretical basis. Pers J 47:13–19
Bell BS, Wiechmann D, Ryan AM (2006) Consequences of organizational justice expectations in a selection system. J Appl Psychol 91:455–466. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.455
Berthon P, Ewing M, Hah LL (2005) Captivating company: dimensions of attractiveness in employer branding. Int J Advert 24:151–172. doi:10.1080/02650487.2005.11072912
Blau GJ (1994) Testing a two dimensional measure of job search behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 59:288–312. doi:10.1006/obhd.1994.1061
Blume BD, Rubin RS, Baldwin TT (2013) Who is attracted to an organisation using a forced distribution performance management system? Hum Resour Manag J 23:360–378. doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12016
Breaugh JA (2000) Research on employee recruitment: so many studies, so many remaining questions. J Manag 26:405–434. doi:10.1177/014920630002600303
Breaugh JA (2009) Recruiting and attracting talent. SHRM Found 1–17
Breaugh JA (2013) Employee recruitment. Annu Rev Psychol 64:389–416. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143757
Bretz RD, Judge TA (1998) Realistic job previews?: A test of the adverse self-selection hypothesis. J Appl Psychol 83:330–337
Bretz RD, Ash RA, Dreher GF (1989) Do people make the place? An examination of the attraction–selection–attrition hypothesis. Pers Psychol 42:561–581. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1989.tb00669.x
Bretz RD, Boudreau JW, Judge TA (1994) Job search behavior of employed managers. Pers Psychol 47:275–301. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01725.x
Bundesagentur für Arbeit (2015) Der Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland - Fachkräfteengpassanalyse. Bundesagentur für Arbeit Stat 1–19: doi:10.1007/s00548-007-0040-2
Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (2015) Unbesetzte Ausbildungsstellen und betriebliche Ausbildungsbeteiligung. https://www.bibb.de/de/35374.php. Accessed 1 Jul 2016
Byrne DE (1971) The attraction paradigm. Academic Press, New York
Cable DM, Judge TA (1994) Pay preferences and job search decisions: a person–organization fit perspective. Pers Psychol 47:317–348. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01727.x
Cable DM, Judge TA (1996) Person–organization fit, job choice decisions, and organizational entry. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 67:294–311. doi:10.1006/obhd.1996.0081
Cable DM, Parsons CK (2001) Socialization tactics and person–organization fit. Pers Psychol 54:1–23. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00083.x
Carless SA (2003) Information exchange article a longitudinal study of applicant reactions to multiple selection procedures and job and organizational characteristics. Int J Sel Assess 11:345–351
Carless SA (2005) Person–job fit versus person–organization fit as predictors of organizational attraction and job acceptance intentions: A longitudinal study. J Occup Organ Psychol 78:411–429. doi:10.1348/096317905X25995
Carless SA (2006) Applicant reactions to multiple selection procedures for the police force. Appl Psychol 55:145–167. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00235.x
Carless SA, Hetherington K (2011) Understanding the applicant recruitment experience: Does timeliness matter? Int J Sel Assess 19:105–108
Carless SA, Imber A (2007) The influence of perceived interviewer and job and organizational characteristics on applicant attraction and job choice intentions: The role of applicant anxiety. Int J Sel Assess 15:359–371. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00395.x
Carless SA, Wintle J (2007) Applicant attraction: the role of recruiter function, work–life balance policies and career salience. Int J Sel Assess 15:394–404. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00398.x
Casper WJ, Buffardi LC (2004) Work–life benefits and job pursuit intentions: the role of anticipated organizational support. J Vocat Behav 65:391–410. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2003.09.003
Casper WJ, Wayne JH, Manegold JG (2013) Who will we recruit? Targeting deep-and surface-level diversity with human resource policy advertising. Hum Resour Manag 52:311–332. doi:10.1002/hrm.21530
Catanzaro D, Moore H, Marshall TR (2010) The impact of organizational culture on attraction and recruitment of job applicants. J Bus Psychol 25:649–662. doi:10.1007/S10869-010-9179-0
Chapman D, Webster J (2006) Toward an integrated model of applicant reactions and job choice toward an integrated model of applicant reactions and job choice. Int J Hum Resour Manag 17:1032–1057. doi:10.1080/09585190600696572
Chapman DS, Uggerslev KL, Webster J (2003) Applicant reactions to face-to-face and technology-mediated interviews: a field investigation. J Appl Psychol 88:944–953. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.944
Chapman DS, Uggerslev KL, Carroll SA et al (2005) Applicant attraction to organizations and job choice: a meta-analytic review of the correlates of recruiting outcomes. J Appl Psychol 90:928–944. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.928
Chen DJQ, Lim VKG (2012) Strength in adversity: the influence of psychological capital on job search. J Organ Behav 33:811–839. doi:10.1002/job.1814
Chen C-C, Lin M-M, Chen C-M (2012) Exploring the mechanisms of the relationship between website characteristics and organizational attraction. Int J Sel Assess 23:867–885. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.579916
Chen C, Hsu C, Tsai P (2013) Positive moods and organizational attraction. Int J Sel Assess 21:376–386
Cho J, Park DJ, Ordonez Z (2013) Communication-oriented person–organization fit as a key factor of job-seeking behaviors: millennials’ social media use and attitudes toward organizational social media policies. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 16:794–799. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0528
Cober RT, Brown DJ, Keeping LM, Levy PE (2004) Recruitment on the net: How do organizational web site characteristics influence applicant attraction? J Manag 30:623–646. doi:10.1016/j.jm.2004.03.001
Collins CJ, Stevens CK (2002) The Relationship between early recruitment-related activities and the application decisions of new labor–market entrants: a brand equity approach to recruitment. J Appl Psychol 87:1121–1133. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1121
Crant JM, Bateman TS (1990) An experimental test of the impact of drug-testing programs on potential job applicants’ attitudes and intentions. J Appl Psychol 75:127–131. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.2.127
Cropanzano R, Goldman B, Folger R (2003) Deontic justice: the role of moral principles in workplace fairness. J Organ Behav 24:1019–1024. doi:10.1002/job.228
Cropanzano R, Slaughter JE, Bachiochi PD (2005) Organizational justice and black applicants’ reactions to affirmative action. J Appl Psychol 90:1168–1184. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1168
De Goede MEE, Van Vianen AEM, Klehe U-C (2011) Attracting applicants on the web: P–O fit, industry culture stereotypes, and website design. Int J Sel Assess 19:51–61
DeArmond S, Crawford EC (2011) Organization personality perceptions and attraction: the role of social identity consciousness. Int J Sel Assess 19:405–414
Devendorf SA, Highhouse S (2008) Applicant–employee similarity and attraction to an employer. J Occup Organ Psychol 81:607–617. doi:10.1348/096317907X248842
Dineen BR, Ash SR, Noe RA (2002) A web of applicant attraction: person–organization fit in the context of web-based recruitment. J Appl Psychol 87:723–734. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.723
Eagly AH (1987) Sex differences in social behavior: a social-role interpretation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Hillsdale
Ehrhart KH, Ziegert JC (2005) Why are individuals attracted to organizations? J Manag 31:901–919. doi:10.1177/0149206305279759
Evans RW, Davis WD (2011) An examination of perceived corporate citizenship, job applicant attraction, and CSR work role definition. Bus Soc 50:456–480. doi:10.1177/0007650308323517
Fishbein M, Ajzen I (1977) Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: an introduction to theory and research. Philos Rhetor 10:130–132
Froese FJ, Vo A, Garrett TC (2010) Organizational attractiveness of foreign-based companies: a country of origin perspective. Int J Sel Assess 18:271–281
Goldberg CB, Allen DG (2008) Black and white and read all over: race differences in reactions to recruitment web sites. Hum Resour Manag 47:217–236. doi:10.1002/hrm.20209
González-Pereira B, Guerrero-Bote VP, Moya-Anegón F (2010) A new approach to the metric of journals scientific prestige: the SJR indicator. J Informetr 4:379–391. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2010.03.002
Greenberg J (1987) A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Acad Manag Rev 12:9–22. doi:10.5465/AMR.1987.4306437
Greening DW, Turban DB (2000) Corporate social performance as a competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce. Bus Soc 39:254–280
Griepentrog BK, Harold CM, Holtz BC et al (2012) Integrating social identity and the theory of planned behavior: predicting withdrawal from an organizational recruitment process. Pers Psychol 65:723–753. doi:10.1111/peps.12000
Gully SM, Phillips JM, Castellano WG et al (2013) A mediated moderation model of recruiting socially and environmentally responsible job applicants. Pers Psychol 66:935–973. doi:10.1111/peps.12033
Han J, Han J (2009) Network-based recruiting and applicant attraction in China: insights from both organizational and individual perspectives. Int J Hum Resour Manag 20:2228–2249. doi:10.1080/09585190903239633
Hannon JM (1996) Organizational attractiveness in Japan: a screening perspective. Int J Hum Resour Manag. doi:10.1080/09585199600000139
Harn TJ, Thornton GC (1985) Recruiter counselling behaviours and applicant impressions. J Occup Psychol 58:57–65. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00180.x
Harold CM, Ployhart RE (2008) What do applicants want? Examining changes in attribute judgments over time. J Occup Organ Psychol 81:191–218. doi:10.1348/096317907X235774
Harold CM, Holtz BC, Griepentrog BK et al (2015) Investigating the effects of applicant justice perceptions on job offer acceptance. Pers Psychol. doi:10.1111/peps.12101
Harris MM, Fink LS (1987) A field study of employment opportunities: Does the recruiter make a difference? Pers Psychol 40:765–784. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00623.x
Highhouse S, Stierwalt SL, Bachiochi P et al (1999) Effects of advertised human resource management practices on attraction of African American applicants. Pers Psychol 52:425–442. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00167.x
Highhouse S, Lievens F, Sinar EF (2003) Measuring attraction to organizations. Educ Psychol Meas 63:986–1001. doi:10.1177/0013164403258403
Highhouse S, Thornbury EE, Little IS (2007) Social-identity functions of attraction to organizations. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 103:134–146. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.01.001
Hollenbeck JR, Ilgen DR, Ostroff C, Vancouver JB (1987) Sex differences in occupational choice: a supply-side appraoch to understanding the male–female wage gap. Pers Psychol 40:715–744. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00621.x
Honeycutt TL, Rosen B (1997) Family friendly human resource policies, salary levels, and salient identity as predictors of organizational attraction. J Vocat Behav 50:271–290. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.1554
Hurrelmann K (2006) Einführung in die Sozialisationstheorie, 9th edn. Beltz Studium, Weinheim, Basel
Jaidi Y, Van Hooft EAJ, Arends LR (2011) Recruiting highly educated graduates: a study on the relationship between recruitment information sources, the theory of planned behavior, and actual job pursuit. Hum Perform 24:135–157. doi:10.1080/08959285.2011.554468
Judge TA, Cable DM (1997) Applicant personality, organizational culture, and organization attraction. Pers Psychol 50:359–394. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1997.tb00912.x
Kashi K, Zheng C (2013) Extending technology acceptance model to the E-recruitment context in Iran. Int J Sel Assess 21:121–129
Kausel EE, Slaughter JE (2011) Narrow personality traits and organizational attraction: evidence for the complementary hypothesis. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 114:3–14. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.08.002
Konradt U, Warszta T, Ellwart T (2013) Fairness perceptions in web-based selection: impact on applicants’ pursuit intentions, recommendation intentions, and intentions to reapply. Int J Sel Assess 21:155–169
Konradt U, Garbers Y, Böge M et al (2015) Antecedents and consequences of fairness perceptions in personnel selection: a 3-year longitudinal study. Group Organ Manag 25:1682–1690. doi:10.1177/1059601115617665
Kraichy D, Chapman DS (2014) Tailoring web-based recruiting messages: individual differences in the persuasiveness of affective and cognitive messages. J Bus Psychol 29:253–268. doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9311-z
Kristof AL (1996) Person–organization fit: an integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Pers Psychol 49:1–49. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1996.tb01790.x
Kristof-Brown AL (2000) Perceived applicant fit: distinguishing between recruiters’ perceptions of person–job and person–organization fit. Pers Psychol 53:643–671. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00217.x
Kristof-Brown AL, Zimmerman RD, Johnson EC (2005) Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: a meta-analysis of person–job, person–organization, person–group, and person–supervisor fit. Pers Psychol 58:281–342. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x
Kuhn KM (2009) Compensation as a signal of organizational culture: the effects of advertising individual or collective incentives. Int J Hum Resour Manag 20:1634–1648. doi:10.1080/09585190902985293
Kuhn KM, Nielsen ML (2008) Understanding applicant reactions to credit checks: uncertainty, information effects and individual differences. Int J Sel Assess 16:307–320
Larsen DA, Phillips JI (2002) Effect of recruiter on attraction to the firm: implications of the elaboration likelihood model. J Bus Psychol 16:347–364. doi:10.1023/A:1012816822546
Liden R, Parsons C (1986) A field study of job applicant interview perceptions, alternative opportunities, and demographic characteristics. Pers Psychol 39:109–122. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1986.tb00577.x
Lievens F (2007) Employer branding in the Belgian army: the importance of instrumental and symbolic beliefs for potential applicants, actual applicants, and military employees. Hum Resour Manag 46:51–69. doi:10.1002/hrm.20145
Lievens F, Highhouse S (2003) The relation of instrumental and symbolic attributes to a company’s attractiveness as an employer. Pers Psychol 56:75–102. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00144.x
Lievens F, Decaesteker C, Coetsier P, Geirnaert J (2001) Organizational attractiveness for prospective applicants: a person–organisation fit perspective. Appl Psychol 50:30–51. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00047
Lin H-F (2010) Applicability of the extended theory of planned behavior in predicting job seeker intentions to use job-search websites. Int J Sel Assess 18:64–74
Luce RA, Barber AE, Hillman AMYJ (2001) Good deeds and misdeeds: a mediated model of the effect of corporate social attractiveness. Bus Soc 40:397–415
Macan TH, Avedon MJ, Paese M, Smith DE (1994) The effects of applicants’ reactions to cognitive ability tests and an assessment center. Pers Psychol 47:715–739. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01573.x
Mahony DM, Klaas BS, Mcclendon JA, Varma A (2005) The effects of mandatory employment arbitration systems on applicants’ attraction to organizations. Hum Resour Manag 44:449–470. doi:10.1002/hrm.20084
Martins LL, Parsons CK (2007) Effects of gender diversity management on perceptions of organizational attractiveness: the role of individual differences in attitudes and beliefs. J Appl Psychol 92:865–875. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.865
Maurer SD, Howe V, Lee TW (2006) Organizational recruiting as marketing management: an interdisciplinary study of engineering graduates. Pers Psychol 45:807–833. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1992.tb00969.x
McKay PF, Avery DR (2006) What has race got to do with it? Unraveling the Role of racioethnicity in job seekers’ reactions to site visits. Pers Psychol 59:395–429. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00041.x
Meglino BM, Denisi AS, Ravlin EC (1993) Effects of previous job exposure and subsequent job status on the functioning of a realistic job preview. Pers Psychol 46:803–822. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb01570.x
Michaels E, Handfield-Jones H, Axelrod B (2001) The war for talent. Harvard Business Review Press, Boston
Mick DG, Buhl C (1992) A meaning-based model of advertising experiences. J Consum Res 19:317–338. doi:10.1086/209305
Ng ESW, Burke RJ (2005) Person–organization fit and the war for talent: Does diversity management make a difference? Int J Hum Resour Manag 16:1195–1210. doi:10.1080/09585190500144038
Ng YL, Kulik CT, Bordia P (2015) The moderating role of intergroup contact in race composition, perceived similarity, and applicant attraction relationships. J Bus Psychol. doi:10.1007/s10869-015-9419-4
Nikolaou I (2011) Core processes and applicant reactions to the employment interview: an exploratory study in Greece. Int J Hum Resour Manag 22:2185–2201. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.580187
Nolan KP, Harold CM (2010) Fit with what? the influence of multiple self-concept images on organizational attraction. J Occup Organ Psychol 83:645–662. doi:10.1348/096317909X465452
Ogunfowora B (2014) The impact of ethical leadership within the recruitment context: the roles of organizational reputation, applicant personality, and value congruence. Leadersh Q 25:528–543. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.013
Olsen JE, Parsons CK, Martins LL, Ivanaj V (2015) Gender diversity programs, perceived potential for advancement, and organizational attractiveness: an empirical examination of women in the United States and France. Group Organ Manag. doi:10.1177/1059601115583579
Petticrew M, Roberts H (2006) Systematic reviews in the social sciences: a practical guide. Blackwell Publishing, Malden
Petty RE, Cacioppo JT (1984) The effects of involvement on responses to argument quantity and quality: central and peripheral routes to persuasion. J Pers Soc Psychol 46:69–81. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.1.69
Pfieffelmann B, Wagner SH, Libkuman T (2010) Recruiting on corporate web sites: perceptions of fit and attraction. Int J Sel Assess 18:40–47. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2010.00487.x
Phillips JM, Mccarthy JE, Castellano WG (2014) Recruiting global travelers: the role of global travel recruitment messages and individual differences in perceived fit, attraction, and job pursuit intentions. Pers Psychol 67:153–201. doi:10.1111/peps.12043
Pierce CA, Karl KA, Brey ET (2012) Role of workplace romance policies and procedures on job pursuit intentions. J Manag Psychol 27:237–263. doi:10.1108/02683941211205808
Rau BL, Adams GA (2005) Attracting retirees to apply: desired organizational characteristics of bridge employment. J Organ Behav 26:649–660. doi:10.1002/job.330
Rau BL, Hyland MAM (2002) Role conflict and flexible work arrangements: the effects on applicant attraction. Pers Psychol 55:111–136. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2002.tb00105.x
Reeve CL, Schultz L (2004) Job-seeker reactions to selection process information in job ads. Int J Sel Assess 12:343–355
Revelle W, Wilt J, Condon DM (2013) Individual differences and differential psychology: a brief history and prospect. In: Chamorro-Premuzic T, Von Stumm S, Furnham A (eds) The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences, pp 1–38
Robbins SP, Judge TA, Campbell TT (2010) Organizational behavior. Pearson Education Limited, Essex
Roberson QM, Collins CJ, Oreg S (2005) The effects of recruitment message specificity on applicant attraction to organizations. J Bus Psychol 19:319–339. doi:10.1007/s10869-004-2231-1
Rogers CR (1951) Client-centered therapy. Houghton-Mifflin, Boston
Rupp DE, Shao R, Thornton MA, Skarlicki DP (2013) Applicants’ and employees’ reactions to corporate social responsibility: the moderating effects of first-party justice perceptions and moral identity. Pers Psychol 66:895–933. doi:10.1111/peps.12030
Ryan AM, Sacco J, McFarland L, Kriska S (2000) Applicant self-selection: correlates of withdrawal from a multiple hurdle process. J Appl Psychol 85:163–179. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.2.163
Ryan AM, Horvath M, Kriska SD et al (2005) The role of recruiting source informativeness and organizational perceptions in decisions to apply. Int J Sel Assess 13:235–249
Ryder NB (1965) The cohort as a concept in the study of social change. Am Sociol Rev 30:843–861
Rynes SL, Barber aE (1990) Applicant attraction strategies: an organizational perspective. Acad Manag Rev 15:286–310. doi:10.5465/AMR.1990.4308158
Rynes SL, Connerley ML (1993) Applicant reactions to alternative selection procedures. J Bus Psychol 7:261–277
Saks AM, McCarthy JM (2006) Effects of discriminatory interview questions and gender on applicant reactions. J Bus Psychol 21:175–191. doi:10.1007/sl0869-006-9024-7
SCImago SJR — SCImago Journal & Country Rank. http://www.scimagojr.com. Accessed 4 Mar 2016
Schinkel S, Van Vianen A, Van Dierendonck D (2013) Selection fairness and outcomes: a field study of interactive effects on applicant reactions. Int J Sel Assess 21:22–31
Schmidt JA, Chapman DS, Jones DA (2015) Does emphasizing different types of person–environment fit in online job ads influence application behavior and applicant quality? evidence from a field experiment. J Bus Psychol 30:267–282. doi:10.1007/s10869-014-9353-x
Schneider B (1987) The people make the place. Pers Psychol 40:437–453. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00609.x
Schreurs B, Derous E, De Witte K et al (2005) Attracting potential applicants to the military: the effects of initial face-to-face contacts. Hum Perform 18:105–122. doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1802_1
Schreurs B, Derous E, Van Hooft EAJ et al (2009a) Predicting applicants’ job pursuit behavior from their selection expectations: the mediating role of the theory of planned behavior. J Organ Behav 30:761–783. doi:10.1002/job570
Schreurs B, Druart C, Proost K, De Witte K (2009) Symbolic attributes and organizational attractiveness: the moderating effects of applicant personality. Int J Sel Assess 17:35–46. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2009.00449.x
Schreurs B, Derous E, Proost K, De Witte K (2010) The relation between selection expectations, perceptions and organizational attraction: a test of competing models. Int J Sel Assess 18:447–452
Sherman E, Mathur A, Smith RBR (1997) Store environment and consumer purchase behavior: mediating role of consumer emotions. Psychol Mark 14:361–378. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199707)14:4<361::AID-MAR4>3.0.CO;2-7
Slaughter JE, Greguras GJ (2009) Initial attraction to organizations: the influence of trait inferences. Int J Sel Assess 17:1–17
Slaughter JE, Stanton JM, Mohr DC, Schoel WA (2005) The interaction of attraction and selection: implications for college recruitment and Schneider ’s ASA model. Appl Psychol 54:419–441. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00218.x
Smith WJ, Wokutch RE, Dennis BS (2004) Organizational attractiveness and corporate social orientation: do our values influence our preference for affirmative action. Bus Soc 43:69–96. doi:10.1177/0007650304263047
Smither JW, Reilly RR, Millsap RE et al (1993) Applicant reactions to selection procedures. Pers Psychol 46:49–76. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00867.x
Spence M (1973) Job market signaling. Q J Econ. doi:10.2307/1882010
Stoughton JW, Thompson LF, Meade AW (2013) Examining applicant reactions to the use of social networking websites in pre-employment screening. J Bus Psychol 30:73–88. doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9333-6
Strand R, Levine R, Montgomery D (1981) Organizational entry preferences based upon social and personnel policies: an information integration perspective. Organ Behav Hum Perform 27:50–68. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(81)90038-6
Tajfel H, Turner JC (1986) The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Worchel S, Austin WG (eds) Psychology of intergroup relations. Nelson-Hall, Chicago, pp 7–24
Taylor MS, Bergmann TJ (1987) Organizational recruitment activities and applicants’ reactions at different stages of the recruitment process. Pers Psychol 40:261–285. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00604.x
Thomas KM, Wise PG (1999) Organizational attractiveness and individual differences: Are diverse applicants attracted by different factors? J Bus Psychol 13:375–391. doi:10.1023/a:1022978400698
Thompson RJ, Payne SC, Taylor AB (2014) Applicant attraction to flexible work arrangements: separating the influence of flextime and flexplace. J Occup Organ Psychol. doi:10.1111/joop.12095
Thorsteinson TJ, Palmer EM, Wulff C, Anderson A (2004) Too good to be true? Using realism to enhance applicant attraction. J Bus Psychol 19:125–137. doi:10.1023/B:JOBU.0000040276.75748.b9
Tom VR (1971) The role of personality and organizational images in the recruiting process. Organ Behav Hum Perform 6:573–592. doi:10.1016/S0030-5073(71)80008-9
Trank CQ, Rynes SL, Bretz RD (2002) Attracting applicants in the war for talent: differences in work preferences among high achievers. J Bus Psychol 16:331–345. doi:10.1023/A:1012887605708
Trommsdorff G (1989) Sozialisation und Werthaltungen im Kulturvergleich. In: Trommsdorff G (ed) Sozialisation im Kulturvergleich. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 97–121
Truxillo D, Bauer T (1999) Applicant reactions to test scores banding in entry-level and promotional contexts. J Appl Psychol 84:322–339. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.84.3.322
Truxillo DM, Bauer TN, Campion MA, Paronto ME (2002) Selection fairness information and applicant reactions: a longitudinal field study. J Appl Psychol 87:1020–1031. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1020
Tsai W-C, Yang IW-F (2010) Does image matter to different job applicants? The influences of corporate image and applicant individual differences on organizational attractiveness. Int J Sel Assess 18:48–63. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2010.00488.x
Turban DB (2001) Organizational attractiveness as an employer on college campuses: an examination of the applicant population. J Vocat Behav 58:293–312. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2000.1765
Turban DB, Keon T (1993) Organizational attractiveness: an interactionist perspective. J Appl Psychol 78:184–193. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78
Turban DB, Lau C, Ngo H et al (2001) Organizational attractiveness of firms in the People’s Republic of China: a person–organization fit perspective. J Appl Psychol 86:194–206. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.2.194
Uggerslev KL, Fassina NE, Kraichy D (2012) Recruiting through the stages: a meta-analytic test of predictors of applicant attraction at different stages of the recruiting process. Pers Psychol 65:597–660. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01254.x
Van Hooft EAJ, De Jong M (2009) Predicting job seeking for temporary employment using the theory of planned behaviour: the moderating role of individualism and collectivism. J Occup Organ Psychol 82:295–316. doi:10.1348/096317908x325322
Van Hooft EAJ, Born MP, Taris TW et al (2004) Predictors of job search behavior among. Pers Psychol 57:25–59. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2004.tb02483.x
Van Hooft EAJ, Born MP, Taris TW, Van der Flier H (2006) Ethnic and gender differences in applicants’ decision-making processes: an application of the theory of reasoned action. Int J Sel Assess 14:156–166. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2006.00341.x
Van Hoye G (2014) Word of mouth as a recruitment source: an integrative model. In: Yu KYT, Cable DM (eds) The oxford handbook of recruitment. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 251–268
Van Hoye G, Saks AM (2011) The instrumental-symbolic framework: organisational image and attractiveness of potential applicants and their companions at a job fair. Appl Psychol 60:311–335. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00437.x
Van Hoye G, Turban DB (2015) Applicant–employee fit in personality: testing predictions from similarity-attraction theory and trait activation theory. Int J Sel Assess 23:210–223
Van Hoye G, Van Lievens F (2005) Recruitment-related information sources and organizational attractiveness: Can something be done about negative publicity? Int J Sel Assess 13:179–187
Van Hoye G, Van Lievens F (2007) Investigating web-based recruitment sources: employee testimonials versus word-of-mouse. Int J Sel Assess 15:372–382
Van Hoye G, Cromheecke S, Lievens F (2013) The instrumental and symbolic dimensions of organisations ’ image as an employer: a large-scale field study on employer branding in Turkey. Appl Psychol 62:543–557. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00495.x
Von Walter B, Wentzel D, Tomczak T (2012) The effect of applicant–employee fit and temporal construal on employer attraction and pursuit intentions. J Occup Organ Psychol 85:116–135. doi:10.1348/2044-8325.002006
Vroom VH (1964) Work and motivation. Wiley, New York
Vroom VH (1966) Organizational choice: a study of pre- and postdecision processes. Organ Behav Hum Perform 1:212–225. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(66)90013-4
Walker HJ, Feild HS, Giles WF et al (2007) An assessment of attraction toward affirmative action organizations: investigating the role of individual differences. J Organ Behav 28:485–507. doi:10.1002/job.434
Walker HJ, Feild HS, Giles WF, Bernerth JB (2008) The interactive effects of job advertisement characteristics and applicant experience on reactions to recruitment messages. J Occup Organ Psychol 81:619–638. doi:10.1348/096317907X252487
Walker JH, Feild HS, Giles WF et al (2011) So what do you think of the organization? A contextual priming explanation for recruitment web site characteristics as antecedents of job seekers’ organizational image perceptions. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 114:165–178. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.11.004
Wanberg CR, Watt JD, Rumsey DJ (1996) Individuals without jobs: an empirical study of job-seeking behavior and reemployment. J Appl Psychol 81:76–87. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.1.76
Wanberg CR, Kanfer R, Rotundo M (1999) Unemployed individuals: motives, job search competencies and job search constraints as predictors of job seeking and reemployment. J Appl Psychol 84:897–910. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.84.6.897
Webster J, Watson RT (2002) Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: writing a literature review. MIS Q 26:13–23
Williams ML, Bauer TN (1994) The effect of a managing diversity policy on organizational attractiveness. Group Organ Manag 19:295–308. doi:10.1177/1059601194193005
Williamson IO, Lepak DP, King J (2003) The effect of company recruitment web site orientation on individuals’ perceptions of organizational attractiveness. J Vocat Behav 63:242–263. doi:10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00043-5
Williamson IO, Slay HS, Shapiro DL, Shivers-Blackwell SL (2008) The effect of explanations on prospective applicants reactions to firm diversity practices. Hum Resour Manag 47:311–330. doi:10.1002/hrm
Wright PM, Smart DL, McMahan GC (1995) Matches between human resources and strategy among NCAA basketball teams. Acad Manag J 38:1052–1074. doi:10.2307/256620
Yu KYT (2014) Person–organization fit effects on organizational attraction: a test of an expectations-based model. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 124:75–94. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.12.005
Zhang L, Gowan MA (2012) Corporate social responsibility, applicants’ individual traits, and organizational attraction: a person–organization fit perspective. J Bus Psychol 27:345–362. doi:10.1007/s10869-011-9250-5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Evertz, L., Süß, S. The importance of individual differences for applicant attraction: a literature review and avenues for future research. Manag Rev Q 67, 141–174 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-017-0126-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-017-0126-2