Abstract
The heartwood of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) is not favoured commercially because of its darker appearance, unreliable durability and difficulty to treat chemically; consequently, light-coloured sapwood, which is more easily treated with decay-resistant chemicals, is of more value. To decrease the amount of heartwood or increase sapwood cross-sectional area by genetic selection, the genetics of sapwood cross-sectional area (SWA), sapwood area percentage (SWAP) and number of heartwood rings (HWR) is of interest. We investigated genetic variation in these three variables from increment cores from trees from two trial series, each planted at two sites, from a total of some 330 families (189 were half-sib and 142 were full-sib) with 10 to 30 individuals assessed per family. Trials were assessed between 16 and 23 years old when all trees had started to develop heartwood. The three sapwood-related traits were moderately heritable across pairs of sites (\( {\widehat{h}}_i^2 \) = 0.2 to 0.4) indicating opportunity for selection. SWA was strongly correlated (r a = 0.9) with diameter. SWAP and HWR were also strongly correlated (r a = −0.9). The number of HWR was independent of tree diameter, providing the opportunity through genetic selection to reduce heartwood area whilst increasing tree growth rate.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams MT, Barbara LG, Jeffery JM (2002) Heartwood formation and natural durability—a review. Wood Fiber Sci 34(4):587–611
AS 5604-2005 Timber—Natural durability ratings
Burdon RD (1977) Genetic correlation as a concept for studying genotype-environment interaction in forest tree breeding. Silvae Genet 26:168–175
Burdon RD, Kibblewhite RP, Walker JCF, Megraw RA, Evans R, Cown DJ (2004) Juvenile versus mature wood: a new concept, orthogonal to corewood versus outerwood, with special reference to Pinus radiata and P. taeda. For Sci 50(4):399–415
Climent J, Chambel MR, Pérez E, Gil L, Pardos J (2002) Relationship between heartwood radius and early radial growth, tree age, and climate in Pinus canariensis. Can J For Res 32:103–111
Cown DJ (1980) Radiata pine: wood age and wood property concepts. N Z J For Sci 10(3):504–507
Cown DJ, McConchie DL (1983) Radiata pine wood properties survey (1977-1982), FRI bulletin, 0111-8129; no. 50. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua
Cown DJ, McConchie DL, Young GD (1991) Radiata pine wood properties survey, FRI Bulletin No. 50 (revised). New Zealand Ministry of Forestry, Rotorua
Cown DJ, Young GD, Burdon RD (1992) Variation in wood characteristics of 20-year-old half-sib families of Pinus radiata. N Z J For Sci 22(1):63–76
Gilmour AR, Gogel BJ, Cullis BR, Thompson R (2009) ASReml User Guide Release 3.0. VSN International Ltd, Hemel Hempstead
Harris JM (1954) Heartwood formation in Pinus radiata (D. Don.). New Phytol 53:517–524
Lynch M (1998) Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland
Nicholls JWP, Brown AG (1974) The inheritance of heartwood formation in Pinus radiata D. Don. Silvae Genet 23:138–141
Nyakuengama JG, Matheson AC, Spencer DJ, Evans R, Vinden P (2000) Genetics of heartwood formation and moisture status in Pinus radiata. Appita J 53(1):30–35
Waring RH, Schroeder PE, Oren R (1982) Application of the pipe model theory to predict canopy leaf area. Can J For Res 12:556–560
Wilkes J (1991) Heartwood development and its relationship to growth in Pinus radiata. Wood Sci Technol 25:85–90
Xu P, Cown DJ (2008) Heartwood formation and development. Scion Wood Processing Newsletter 42: 21-22 http://www.scionresearch.com/general/publications/other-newsletters/wood-processing-newsletter Accessed April 2013
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank The Radiata Pine Breeding Company for providing financial support and the data used in this study, and Rowland Burdon and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments and suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by R. Burdon
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kennedy, S.G., Yanchuk, A.D. & Jefferson, P.A. Relationship of heartwood traits with diameter growth, implications for genetic selection in Pinus radiata . Tree Genetics & Genomes 9, 1313–1319 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-013-0639-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-013-0639-3