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Genetic variability and diversification process in local pear cultivars from northwestern Spain using microsatellites

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Abstract

This is the first known large-scale molecular study of simple sequence repeats loci based on pear cultivars from the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. Most of the Spanish pear crop (one of the largest in Europe) is based on the Spanish cultivar Blanquilla and various other foreign cultivars. However, local cultivars can still be found in old orchards in northwestern Spain. Between 1978 and 1981, the Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo (Xunta de Galicia) established a Germplasm Bank of local pear cultivars containing 221 accessions. In the current study, these were analysed and compared with 20 commercial cultivars of Pyrus spp. using 19 microsatellites. We identified 127 genotypes out of 221 accessions with an average of 43% clonality in this collection. Genotypes were analysed using a model-based Bayesian procedure (Structure), factorial correspondence analysis and molecular variance analysis, and Jaccard coefficients were estimated. Four reconstructed populations were identified by Structure, one related to Asian cultivars, two to French and English cultivars and one to Galician cultivars. The four identified groups of pears had evolved independently. This study explains the diversification process in pear cultivars from northwestern cultivars based on hybridization (16%), selection of triploids (38%) and the introgression of commercial cultivars in the collection (4%).

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Acknowledgements

This study was partially funded by the “Xunta de Galicia” (PGIDIT06RAG29103PR, INCITE07PXI303041ES, INCITE08E1R291055ES and INCITE09E2R291046ES). Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación-Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (MAEC-AECID) supported Allívia Rouse Ferreira dos Santos during her Ph.D. Juan Piñeiro-Andión is the curator of the fruit collection of the Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, Xunta de Galicia (CIAM). Antonio Javier González from the Cabildo de La Palma provided two commercial cultivars used as references. Felicidad Fernández (Horticulture Research International, HRI) provided the references used in this study and helped with some samples of pear cultivars and the SSR set-up. Samples were processed in the Genetics Laboratory coordinated by Prof. Paulino Portela (Departamento de Xenética, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela).

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  1. Departamento de Producción Vexetal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, Lugo, 27002, Spain

    Allívia Rouse Ferreira dos Santos, Ana M. Ramos-Cabrer, M Belen Díaz-Hernández & Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo

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  1. Allívia Rouse Ferreira dos Santos
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  2. Ana M. Ramos-Cabrer
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  3. M Belen Díaz-Hernández
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  4. Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo
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Correspondence to Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo.

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Communicated by E. Dirlewanger

Appendix

Appendix

Table 5 Sizes and allelic ranges for 20 loci (19 SSRs) in accessions of pear (Pyrus spp.) from northwestern Spain (Galicia, Spain) and commercial reference cultivars
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Table 6 Alleles for 20 loci (19 SSRs) of commercial reference cultivars of Pyrus spp.
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Table 7 Groups of genotypes of pear belonging to CIAM (Galicia, Spain) and commercial references that shared alleles at each loci (italicised)
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Ferreira dos Santos, A.R., Ramos-Cabrer, A.M., Díaz-Hernández, M.B. et al. Genetic variability and diversification process in local pear cultivars from northwestern Spain using microsatellites. Tree Genetics & Genomes 7, 1041–1056 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-011-0393-3

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