Abstract
Discrimination among vegetation patches differing in quantity and quality is crucial to the foraging success of grazing animals living in grasslands. Animals are assumed to discriminate preferred patches from others first, before they visit patches to eat, and then when they are eating patches. We conducted six experiments to test the ability of cattle (Bos taurus) to discriminate among vegetation patches at these two stages during foraging. In each experiment, a group of Japanese Black cows was allowed to graze a tropical grass (Paspalum notatum) for 30 min in a 20 × 20 m area comprising 4, 6 or 9 types of patches. Animals almost always visited and grazed the patches selectively, with a longer residence (grazing) time per visit in more frequently visited patches. Allocation of grazing time was correlated more closely with allocation of visits than with residence time per visit. Faced with patchy vegetation, cattle can discriminate preferred patches from less-preferred and non-preferred patches at two stages during foraging. The first-stage discrimination (pre-visit-and-eating discrimination) is more important than the second (eating discrimination) as a determinant of grazing time allocation to patches.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Eri Kunieda, Yukihiro Nakayama, Kayo Yamamoto, Daisuke Nagao, Yoshinori Uchida, Shuichi Iwasa, Toshiro Okuma, Koji Onda, Shinnosuke Mizuno, and Yuichiro Tanaka for field assistance; Kiichi Fukuyama for pasture and animal management; and Keith Betteridge for review of the manuscript. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16580222).
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Hirata, M., Tajiri, Y., Murakami, K. et al. Cattle make two-stage discriminations in patch choice. Ecol Res 30, 395–402 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-014-1231-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-014-1231-5