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Seasonal variation in soil CO2 efflux in evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved deciduous forests in a cool-temperate forest, central Korea

  • Original Article
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Ecological Research

Abstract

We measured the soil surface CO2 efflux (R S) from January 2005 to December 2006 in two neighboring stands in Gwangneung Forest, central Korea: evergreen coniferous forest (Abies holophylla, stand A) and broad-leaved deciduous forest (Quercus-dominated, stand Q). Regarding seasonal variation, R S rate was low during the winter and early spring months in each stand and peaked in late July [1170 (stand A) and 1130 (stand Q) in 2005, and 1000 (stand A) and 740 (stand Q) mg CO2 m−2 h−1 in 2006]. R S rate was higher in stand A than in stand Q during most of the growing season. The pattern of summer rainfall differed between 2005 and 2006. R S rate for both stands was suppressed significantly by the droughts in June 2005 and September 2006. After the heavy rainfall of July 2006, R S rate was lower than in July 2005 in both stands, but this decrement was much greater in stand Q than in stand A. In midsummer (August) 2006, under higher soil temperature (ST) and lower soil water content (SWC) conditions than in August 2005, R S rate of stand A was lower than that in August 2005, whereas stand Q showed no marked change. The exponential relationship between ST and R S accounted for approximately 91–97% of the R S variability in each stand and in each year. In stand A, the application of a second-order polynomial function indicated a significant correlation between SWC and R S when the soil was warm (ST > 15°C). Our results suggest that the seasonality of R S is strongly affected by the pattern of summer rainfall even in an Asia monsoon climate regime. In addition, the vegetation type (i.e., evergreen coniferous forest vs. broad-leaved deciduous forest) plays a significant role in response of R S to various environmental fluctuations such as drought, heavy rainfall, and hot-dry condition.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the Korean Ministry of Environment’s “Eco-technopia 21 Project”; by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation’s “A3 Foresight Program (A301-K001)”; and by a BK21 Research Fellowship from a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean government (MOEHRD, KRF-2006-A-2503).

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Author notes

  1. Na-yeon Lee

    Present address: National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park, Namwon-Si, Jeonllabuk-Do, 590-811, Korea

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea

    Na-yeon Lee, Jin-Woo Koo, Nam Jin Noh & Yowhan Son

  2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea

    Joon Kim

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  1. Na-yeon Lee
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  2. Jin-Woo Koo
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Correspondence to Yowhan Son.

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Lee, Ny., Koo, JW., Noh, N.J. et al. Seasonal variation in soil CO2 efflux in evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved deciduous forests in a cool-temperate forest, central Korea. Ecol Res 25, 609–617 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-010-0691-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-010-0691-5

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