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Nest height, nest concealment, and predator type predict nest predation in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus)

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Ecological Research

Abstract

Three factors and their interaction effects are increasingly recognized as important determinants of nest predation: nest concealment, nest height, and predator type. The risk of nest predation is predicted to vary across these variables because of nest detectability and accessibility. In general, however, few studies examine how these three variables interact in relation to nest predation, focusing instead on either nest concealment or nest height (whereby predator identity is usually not known). In this study, we examine the role of nest concealment and nest height for nest survival using both artificial and natural nests in the superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus). We indirectly identified potential predators through marks left on artificial eggs and footprints left on tracking tunnels. Predation level at artificial nests was lower than at natural nests, and this could be due to a failure of some nest predators to locate cryptic nests in the absence of cues provided by parental activity. Our results supported the prediction that exposed and concealed nests have different levels of nest predation, which can be explained by variation in predator type. Visual predators were only detected at exposed nests, and survival from visual predators was lower for high nests that were also exposed. However, olfactory predators were detected irrespective of nest height or nest concealment. Because rodents use olfaction to locate nests, this could explain the lack of association between nest concealment and predation outcome at low nests. In addition, rodent footmarks near nests were significantly associated with rodent tooth marks on eggs.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following organizations for financial support: Australian Research Council, Department for Environment and Heritage, and Mark Mitchell Foundation with awards to Sonia Kleindorfer, and the Holsworth Foundation with awards to Diane Colombelli-Négrel. This study was approved by the Animal Welfare Committee at Flinders University. We thank students from the Bird Lab for helpful assistance in the field.

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia

    Diane Colombelli-Négrel & Sonia Kleindorfer

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  1. Diane Colombelli-Négrel
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  2. Sonia Kleindorfer
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Correspondence to Sonia Kleindorfer.

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Colombelli-Négrel, D., Kleindorfer, S. Nest height, nest concealment, and predator type predict nest predation in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus). Ecol Res 24, 921–928 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0569-y

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