Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Integrated LTE and Wi-Fi Network Architecture with Authentication of User Equipment for Dropping off the Surplus Load of LTE

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The network is affected in Metropolitan Area Network due to an exponential rise in data uses of mobile users. The overloaded and congested networks are creating problems for mobile users such as low coverage issues, less throughput, and network access. Presently, all network operators are reducing uses of data and controlling the connection speed which is creating a big impact on demands of mobile users. To handle this scenario successfully, an access point as a supplementary network is needed. We have come up with a massive Integrated LTE and Wi-Fi network architecture with authentication of user equipment for dropping off the surplus load of LTE network by using a packet gateway for handling, ideal coverage of the supplementary network. It has main ANQP-DS and AZC components for controlling and balancing the entire load of User Equipment among the access point (AP). This is a new integration mechanism for reducing the load of overloaded LTE network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no special datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. This paper related information is available with first author.

Abbreviations

LTE:

Long term evolution

Wi-Fi:

Wireless fidelity

AP:

Access point

UE:

User equipment

eNodeB:

Evolved Node B

OAI:

Open-air interface

LAN:

Local area network

WLAN:

Wireless local area network

EPC:

Evolved packet core

P-GW:

Packet gateway

S-GW:

Serving gateway

HSS:

Home subscriber server

MME:

Mobility management entity

ANQP:

Access network query protocol

ANQP-DS:

Access network query protocol data server

AZC:

Access zone control

U-Info:

User information

PCRF:

Policy and charging rules function

UL:

Uplink

DL:

Downlink

FTP:

File transfer protocol

EUTRAN:

Evolved universal mobile telecommunications system

QOS:

Quality of service

U-AUT:

UserAuthentication

LIPA:

Local input access

SIPTO:

Selected IP traffic offload

SIFM:

Seamless internetworking flow mobility

MPTCP:

Multipath transmission protocol

AAA:

Authorization and accounting

RSS:

Received signal strength

References

  1. Taylor, P., Data overlaod threatens mobile networks. Benton Foundation [online] available. Https:// www.benton.org/node/122825.

  2. Curtis, S., Can you servive on 4G alone? The telegraph [Online]available. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet%20/10272292/Can-You-Survive-On-4G- alone.html.

  3. CISCO. (2012). Architecture for mobile data over Wi-Fi access networks. 8(2008):1–23.

  4. Ling, J., Kanugovi, S., Vasudevan, S., & Pramod, A. K. (2015). Enhanced capacity and coverage by Wi-Fi LTE integration. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(3), 165–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhong, Z., Kulkarni, P., Cao, F., Fan, Z., Armour, S. (2015). Issues and challenges in dense Wi-Fi networks. In IWCMC 2015/11th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference, pp.947/951.

  6. Kao, J., Ma, M., & Li, H. (2012). An uniform handover authentiction between E-UTRAN and Non-3GPPSS networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 11(10), 3644–3650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Specification, T. (2012). Etsi ts 124 615, 0: 0–28.

  8. Specification, T. and Services, G. (2011). 3Gpp Tr 23.829, vol.1.no.Release 10, pp.1–43.

  9. Sheets. R. (1985). Local area network. Pat.no.US5127067, 0, 0–23.

  10. Purohit, D. R., Hegde, A., Sivalingam, K. M. (2015). Network architecture supporting seamless flow mobility between LTE and Wireless Network. In Proc WowMoM 2015 A world Wireless Mob Multimedia Networks.

  11. Mobile data offload – Wi-Fi. (2015). Telecommunication Engineering Centre. 19(3).

  12. Patino Gonzalez, M. A., Higashino, T., Okada, M. (2013). Readio access considerations for data offloading with multipath TCP in Cellular-Wi-Fi networks. In International Conference on Information Networking, pp. 680/685.

  13. EI Hajjaji EI Idrissi, Y., Zahid, N., and Jedra, M. (2013). A new fast re-authentication method for 3G-WLAN interworking based on EAP-AKA. In 2013 20th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT.

  14. Zaki, Y., Zhao, L., Goerg, C., & Timm-Giel, A. (2011). LTE mobile network virtualization exploiting multiplexing and multi-user diversity gain. Mobile Networks and Applications, 16(4), 424–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen, K., Liu, J., Martin, J., Wang, K. and Hu, H. (2018). Improving integrated LTE-WiFi network performance with SDN based flow scheduling. In 2018 27th international conference on computer communication and networks (ICCCN), pp. 1–9, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCN.2018.8487317.

  16. Rajavelsamy, R., Das, D., & Choudhary, M. (2018). Privacy protection and mitigation of unauthorized tracking in 3GPP-WiFi interworking networks. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2018, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2018.8377154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Shinde B. E., Vijayabaskar V. (2020) LTE-LAA and Wi-Fi Coexistence on 5 GHz a Survey. In: Kumar A., Mozar S. (eds) ICCCE 2019. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 570. Springer: Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8715-9_43

  18. Nitzold, W. P., Felber, C., and Kotzsch, V. (2019). An LTE-WiFi interworking platform with real-time PHY layer interface. In 2019 IEEE 2nd 5G world forums (5GWF), pp. 371–375. https://doi.org/10.1109/5GWF.2019.8911683.

  19. Shinde, B. E., & Vijayabaskar, V. (2020). LTE and Wi-Fi coexistence using new semantic co-ordination protocol. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5), 3959–3971.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kwon, H., Cheon, K., Rho, K., and Park, A. (2006). USIM based Authentication Test bed for UMTS-WLAN Handover. Infocomm, pp.8–10.

  21. Chen, Y., Ding, M., Lopez-Perez, D., Li, J., Lin, Z., & Vucetic, B. (2017). Dynamic reuse of unlicensed spectrum: An inter-working of LTE and WiFi. IEEE Wireless Communications, 24(5), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2017.1700088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Alfoudi, A. S. D., Lee, G. M., and Dighriri, M. (2016). Seamless LTE-WiFi architecture for offloading the overloaded LTE with efficient UE authentication. In 2016 9th international conference on developments in eSystems engineering (DeSE), pp. 118–122. https://doi.org/10.1109/DeSE.2016.53.

  23. Basta, A., Kellerer, W., Hoffmann, M., Morper, H. J., and Hoffman, K. (2014). Applying NFV and SDN to LTE mobile core gateways, the function placementproblem. In Proc 4th work. All things Cell. Oper appl challenges-All Things Cell, 14, 33–38.

Download references

Funding

Not received any type of funding for publishing this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ETCE Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India

    Bhausaheb Eknath Shinde & V. Vijayabaskar

Authors
  1. Bhausaheb Eknath Shinde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. Vijayabaskar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The authors have contributed jointly to the manuscript. The authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bhausaheb Eknath Shinde.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shinde, B.E., Vijayabaskar, V. Integrated LTE and Wi-Fi Network Architecture with Authentication of User Equipment for Dropping off the Surplus Load of LTE. Wireless Pers Commun 125, 1469–1481 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09615-z

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09615-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation