Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Radiometric Analysis of Ankle Edema via RZF Antenna for Biomedical Applications

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, diabetic measure via non-invasive technique form the peripheral edema is proposed. The peripheral edema arises in the diabetic person in the ankle with thick skin formation in the joints with stiffness and change in skin tone. However, the existing clinical systems measure the circumstance or size of the edema and the flow rate of the fluid. The blood circulation is still a challenge in the assessment of the edema. The proposed method identifies the fluid and the blood circulation in the edema and predicts the diabetic value through the rectangular zig fractional (RZF) antenna. The RZF antenna laid over the edema surface and figure pressure applied over the antenna. RZF antenna sensor acquires electromagnetic radiation of fluid. The antenna works as a radiometer and measures the voltage according to the circulation of the fluid or blood, and tabulated for the diabetic value measurement. From the dataset of 50 people with edema shows the relation between the skin blood flow and edema. Furthermore, the diabetic value from the edema show an accuracy of about 85%, when compare with the laboratory value.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

(IFAC 2011)

Fig. 2

(IFAC 2011)

Fig. 3

(IFAC 2011)

Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yale, S. H., & Mazza, J. J. (2001). Approach to diagnosing lower extremity edema. Comprehensive Therapy, 27, 242–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mudaliar, S., & Chang, A. R. (2003). Thiazolidinediones, peripheral edema, and type 2 diabetes: Incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. Endocrine Practice, 9, 406–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Messerli, F. H. (2001). Vasodilatory edema: A common side effect of antihypertensive therapy. National Institutes of Health, 1, 978–979.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Messerli, F. H. (2002). Calcium antagonists in hypertension: From hemodynamics to outcomes. National Institutes of Health, 2, 94–97.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Seidel, H. M., Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., & Benedict, G. W. (1995). Heart and blood vessels. In S. Schrefer (Ed.), Mosby's guide to physical examination (3rd ed., p. 419). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

  6. Brodovicz, K. G., Mcnaughton, K., & Uemura, N. (2009). Reliability and feasibility of methods to quantitatively assess peripheral edema kimberly. Clinical Medicine & Research, 7, 21–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Adamo, L., & Thoelke, M. (2012). Generalised insulin oedema after intensification of treatment with insulin analogues. BMJ Case Reports. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-007037.

  8. Report, C., et al. (2010). Insulin oedema in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, 2(1), 46–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bulus, A. D., Andiran, N., & Köksal, A. O. (2016). Insulin edema in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Report of a case and brief review of the literature. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 26, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2016.2544961.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Imran, M., Brown, K., Maz, M., & Iii, J. M. (2015). Diabetic myonecrosis of bilateral thighs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kansas Journal of Medicine, 1, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Arima, E., Naitoh, Y., Hohenau, A., & Krenn, J. R. (2015). Patch antenna for measuring the internal temperature of biological objects using the near- field microwave radiometric method patch antenna for measuring the internal temperature of biological objects using the near-field microwave radiometric method. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 671, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Klemetsen, Ø., Birkelund, Y., Jacovsen, S. K., Maccarini, P. F., & Stauffer, P. R. (2012). Design of medical radiometer front-end for improved performance. Progress in Elecromagnetics Research B. Pier, 3, 289–306.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Klemetsen, Ø. (2011). Design and evaluation of a medical microwave radiometer for observing temperature gradients subcutaneously in the human body. 1–92.

  14. Ubaichin, A., Bespalko, A., Filatov, A., Alexeev, E., & Zhuk, G. (2016). Patch antenna for measuring the internal temperature of biological objects using the near-field microwave radiometric method. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 671(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/671/1/012006.

  15. Zhang, J., Tian, G. Y., Marindra, A., Sunny, A. I., & Zhao, A. B. (2017). A review of passive RFID tag antenna-based sensors and systems for structural health monitoring applications. Sensors, 17, 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17020265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Boland, J. J. (2010). Within touch of artificial skin. Nature Publishing Group, 9, 790–792.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Urn, D., & Lumelsky, V. (1999). Fault tolerance via analytic redundancy for a modularized sensitive skin. In Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (Vol. 3, pp. 1191–1197).

  18. Engel, J., Chen, J., & Liu, C. (2003). Development of polyimide flexible tactile sensor skin. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 13(3), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/13/3/302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu, R. H., Wang, L., Beebe, D. J., & Avenue, N. M. (1998). Progress towards a smart skin: Fabrication and preliminary testing. In Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference IEEE engineering in medicine and biological society (Vol. 20, pp. 1841–1844).

  20. Kim, D., et al. (2012). Thin, flexible sensors and actuators as ‘instrumented’ surgical sutures for targeted wound monitoring and therapy. Small, 8, 3263–3268. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201200933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Axisa, F., et al. (2005). Flexible technologies and smart clothing for citizen medicine, home healthcare, and disease prevention. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 9, 325–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Xu, Y., et al. (2003). Flexible shear-stress sensor skin and its application to unmanned aerial vehicles. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 105, 321–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Scholar, Anna University, Chennai, India

    G. P. Ramesh

  2. Department of ECE, S.K.P Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, India

    N. Mohan Kumar

Authors
  1. G. P. Ramesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. Mohan Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. P. Ramesh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ramesh, G.P., Mohan Kumar, N. Radiometric Analysis of Ankle Edema via RZF Antenna for Biomedical Applications. Wireless Pers Commun 102, 1785–1798 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-5236-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-5236-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation