Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

K-Hop Coverage and Connectivity Aware Clustering in Different Sensor Deployment Models for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In wireless sensor and actuator networks, WSAN, actuators often act as cluster headers. Since the transmission range of actuator is much larger than that of sensor, both of the coverage of actuator and the connectivity of sensor-actuator require to be considered in the clustered WSAN. However, the existing clustering algorithms in WSAN only addressed the coverage issue. None of them considered the coverage and the connectivity jointly. Thus we proposed a K-hop coverage and connectivity aware clustering (K-CCAC) in this paper. The different sensor deployment models may affect the coverage and the connectivity for clustering. Thus K-CCAC was evaluated in five sensor deployment models we proposed. Simulation results demonstrated that the coverage and the connectivity in K-CCAC could be up to 100 % with fewer actuators in each model. The hop count from leaf sensors to cluster headers could be limited to K. Moreover, the number of actuators could decrease when the ratio of the transmission radius of actuator to that of sensor or the number of sensors increased.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akyildiz, I. F., & Kasimoglu, I. H. (2004). Wireless sensor and actuator networks: Research challenges. Ad Hoc Networks, 2(4), 351–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Munir, M. F. (2008). Wireless sensor and sensor-actuator networks: Research trends, protocols, and applications. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on networking and communications, Lahore, p. 6.

  3. Aslam, N., Phillips, W., Robertson, W., & Sivakumar, S. (2008). Extending network life by using mobile actors in cluster-based wireless sensor and actor networks. In Proceedings of the IFIP conference on wireless sensors and actor networks, Ontario, pp. 74–84.

  4. Wark, T., Swain, D., Crossman, C., Valencia, P., Bishop-Hurley, G., & Handcock, R. (2009). Sensor and actuator networks: Protecting environmentally sensitive areas. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 8(1), 30–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Akkaya, K. & Younis, M. (2006). COLA: A coverage and latency aware actor placement for wireless sensor and actor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on vehicular technology, Montreal, pp. 1–5.

  6. Akkaya, K. & Younis, M. (2007). C2AP: Coverage-aware and connectivity-constrained actuator positioning in wireless sensor and actuator networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on performance computing and communications, New Orleans, pp. 281–288.

  7. McLaughlan, B. & Akkaya, K. (2007). Coverage-based clustering of wireless sensor and actuator networks. In Proceedings of the international conference on pervasive services, Istanbul, pp. 45–54.

  8. Akkaya, K., Senel, F., & McLaughlan, B. (2009). Clustering of wireless sensor and actuator networks based on sensor distribution and connectivity. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 69(6), 573–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Amis, A. D., Prakash, R., Vuong, T. H. P., & Huynh, D. H. (2000) Max-min d-cluster formation in wireless ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer communications, Israel, pp. 32–41.

  10. Garcia, F., Solano, J., & Stojmenovic, I. (2003). Connectivity based k-hop clustering in wireless networks. Telecommunication Systems, 22(1–4), 205–220.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Akyildiz, I. F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., & Cayirci, E. (2002). Wireless sensor networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 38(4), 393–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Guo, P., Jiang, T., Zhang, K., & Chen, H.-H. (2009). Clustering algorithm in initialization of multi-hop wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(12), 5713–5717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Verdone, R., Fabbri, F., & Buratti, C. (2010). Maximizing area throughput in clustered wireless sensor networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 28(7), 1200–1210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jiang, C., Yuan, D., & Zhao, T. (2009). Towards clustering algorithms in wireless sensor networks-a survey. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on wireless communications and networking, USA, pp. 1–6.

  15. Kumarawadu, P., Dechene, D. J., Luccini, M., & Sauer A. (2008). Algorithms for node clustering in wireless sensor networks: a survey. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on information and automation for sustainability, Colombo, pp. 295–300.

  16. Deosarkar, B. P., Yadav, N. S., & Yadav, R. B. (2008). Clusterhead selection in clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks: A survey. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computing, communication and networking, St. Thomas, pp. 1–8.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Yi-Chao Wu & Chiu-Ching Tuan

Authors
  1. Yi-Chao Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chiu-Ching Tuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yi-Chao Wu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, YC., Tuan, CC. K-Hop Coverage and Connectivity Aware Clustering in Different Sensor Deployment Models for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 85, 2565–2579 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2920-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2920-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation