Abstract
In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme for the Line of Sight (LOS) delay estimation in satellite telecommunications. It aims to reduce errors caused by the Multipath (MP) fading channels in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and future Galileo. The scheme is based on the use of first side peaks of Double Delta Correlator (DDC) in combination with Savitzky-Golay Filter (SGF). The proposed scheme is called “Enhanced DDC (EDDC)”. The DDC technique, like High Resolution Correlator (HRC) and Strobe Correlator (SC), uses the central peak of the Correlation Function (CF) for the LOS delay estimation. As a result, it enables to deal with the medium-delay MP. Yet, it presents a greater sensitivity to the noise and to the long-delay MP that we propose to mitigate, respectively, with the use of SGF and the measure of the first side peak (instead of the central). The obtained results show that our proposed scheme gives better performances over DDC scheme. In fact, it shows a significant error reduction caused by the presence of long-delay MP signals (up to 90%) compared to that of the DDC scheme.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kaplan E. D. (1996) Understanding GPS: Principles and applications. Artech House, Boston, Mass, USA
Borre K., Akos D. M., Bertelsen N., Rinder P., Jensen S. H. (2007) A software-defined GPS and Galileo receiver: A single-frequency approach. Birkhäuser, Boston, Mass, USA
Braasch, M. S. (2001). Performance comparison of multipath mitigating receiver architectures. In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, vol. 3 (pp. 1309–1315). Mont, USA: Big Sky. March.
Lohan, E. S., Lakhzouri, A. & Renfors, M. (2006). Feedforward delay estimators in adverse multipath propagation for Galileo and modernized GPS signals. EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Article ID 50971, 19 pages.
Bhuiyan, M. Z. H., Lohan, E. S., & Renfors, M. (2008). Code tracking algorithms for mitigating multipath effects in fading channels for satellite-based positioning. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2008, Article ID 863629, 17 pages.
Van Dierendonck A. J., Fenton P., Ford T. J. (1992) Theory and performance of narrow correlator spacing in a GPS receiver. Journal of the Institute of Navigation 39(3): 265–283
Zhang Z., Law C. L. (2005) Short-delay multipath mitigation technique based on virtual multipath. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 4: 344–348
Rouabah, K., & Chikouche, Dj. (2009). GPS/Galileo Multipath Detection and Mitigation Using Closed-Form Solutions. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Article ID 106870, 20 pages. doi:10.1155/2009/106870 .
Zhang Z., Law C. L., Gunawan E. (2007) Multipath mitigation technique based on partial autocorrelation function. Wireless Personal Communications 41(1): 145–154
VanNee R. (1992). The multipath estimating delay lock loop. In IEEE second international symposium on spread spectrum techniques and applications (ISSTA 92).
Laxton M. C., DeVilbiss S. L. (1997) GPS multipath mitigation during code tracking. Proceedings of the American Control Conference 3: 1429–1433
Matilde S. F., Miguel A. F., Ana G. A. (2007) Performance analysis and parameter optimization of DLL and MEDLL in fading multipath environments for next generation navigation receivers. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 53(4): 1302–1308
Sahmoudi, M., & Amin, M. G. (December 2008). Fast iterative maximum-likelihood algorithm (FIMLA) for multipath mitigation in next generation of GNSS receivers. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 7(11).
Chang, C.-L., & Juang, J.-C. (2008). An adaptive multipath mitigation filter for GNSS applications. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2008, article ID 214815.
McGraw, G., & Braasch, M. (1999). GNSS multipath mitigation using gated and high resolution correlator concept. In Proceedings of the US ION NTM (San Diego, CA, Jan 25–27), pp. 333–342.
Garin, L., & Rousseau, J. (1997). Enhanced strobe correlator multipath rejection for code and carrier. In Proceedings of 10th international technical meeting of the satellite division. Institute of navigation, ION-GPS, (pp. 559–568). Kansas City, Missouri.
So H., Kim G., Lee T., Jeon S., Kee C. (2009) Modified high-resolution correlator technique for short-delayed multipath mitigation. The Journal of Navigation 62: 523–542
Press W. H., Teukolsky S. A., Vetterling W. T., Flannery B. P. (1992) Numerical recipes IN C “The art of Scientific Computing” (2nd ed. pp. 650–655). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
Schüssler H. W., Steffen P. (1988) Some advanced topics in filter design. In: Lim J. S., Oppenheim A. V. (eds) Advanced topics in signal processing. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Luo a, J., Ying, K., Heb, P., & Bai, J. (2005). Properties of Savitzky-Golay digital differentiators. Digital Signal Processing, Elsevier. Vol. 15, pp. 122–136.
Luo, J., Ying, K., & Bai, J. (2005). Savitzky-Golay smoothing and differentiation filter for even number data. Signal Processing, Elsevier. Vol. 85, pp. 1429–1434.
Abramowitz, M., & Stegun, I. A. (1970). Handbook of mathematical functions with formulas, graphs, and mathematical tables. Washington, D.C.
Wu, J., & Dempster, A. G. (2009). Applying a BOC-PRN discriminator to cosine phased BOC(fs,fc) modulation. IET Electronics Letters, 45(13).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rouabah, K., Chikouche, D., Bouttout, F. et al. GPS/Galileo Multipath Mitigation Using the First Side Peak of Double Delta Correlator. Wireless Pers Commun 60, 321–333 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-9946-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-9946-2