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Time Synchronization for Cooperative Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Abstract

Time synchronization is crucial for the implementation of cooperative communication in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we explore the effect of synchronization error on cooperative communication utilizing distributed Alamouti code. The analysis and simulation results show that small synchronization error has negligible effect on bit error rate (BER) performance. In order to synchronize the distributed sensor nodes within an acceptable error, we propose a physical layer synchronization scheme. This scheme consists of an initial synchronization of the cooperative transmitters, synchronization error estimation at the cooperative receiver and finally a feedback phase. A maximum likelihood method is proposed to make the synchronization error estimation. It achieves better performance than the matched filter method at the price of moderate increase in computational complexity and memory space. Two strategies after synchronization error estimation have been analyzed. They provide better BER performance in the existence of initial synchronization error. They are practical to be implemented in the sensor nodes before the Alamouti decoding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IREENA, Ecole Polytechnique de l’Université de Nantes, Nantes, France

    Haitao Wan, Jean-François Diouris & Guillaume Andrieux

Authors
  1. Haitao Wan
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  2. Jean-François Diouris
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  3. Guillaume Andrieux
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Correspondence to Haitao Wan.

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Wan, H., Diouris, JF. & Andrieux, G. Time Synchronization for Cooperative Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 63, 977–993 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0178-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0178-2

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