Abstract
High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) have gained a great interest in recent years. HAP systems will be global in nature but national in service provision. They will deliver IMT-2000 mobile and fixed wireless access using the proposed IMT-2000 terrestrial component radio transmission technologies and protocols. Under the above consideration, in this paper the performance of a MAC protocol based on the combination of the well-known Packet Reservation Multiple Access (PRMA) scheme with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technologies in a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode is studied, for a HAP operating at the 2 GHz frequency band at an altitude of 22 km. The impact of acknowledgement delay has been examined through computer simulations, along with the selection of suitable channel access functions (CAFs) to control the access of mobile users. Moreover the protocol performance is investigated in a cellular HAP environment and compared to that of a ground-based system. Finally, different traffic scenarios have been considered in order to investigate the access delay for non-real time traffic and the packet dropping performance for real time traffic.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Djuknic et al., “Establishing Wireless Communications Services via High-Altitude Aeronautical Platforms: A Concept Whose Time Has Come?”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 128–135, 1997.
B. El-Jabu and R. Steele, “Cellular Communications Using Aerial Platforms”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 686–700, 2001.
ITU, “Operational and Technical Characteristics for a Terrestrial IMT-2000 System Using High Altitude Platform Stations”, Document 8-1/80-E, April 1998.
ITU, “Minimum Performance Characteristics and Operational Conditions for High Altitude Platform Stations Providing IMT-2000 in the Bands 1885–1980 MHz, 2010–2025 MHz and 2110–2170 in Regions 1 and 3 and 1885–1980 MHz and 2110–2160 MHz in Region 2”, ITU-R M.1456, 2000.
G. Benelli et al., “Performance Analysis of a PRMA Protocol Suitable for Voice and Data Transmission in Low Earth Orbit Mobile Satellite Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2002.
A.E. Brand and H. Aghvami, “Multidimensional PRMA with Prioritized Bayesian Broadcast – A MAC Strategy for Multiservice Traffic over UMTS”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 1148–1161, November 1998.
A.E. Brand and H. Aghvami, Multiple Access Protocols for Mobile Communications GPRS, UMTS and Beyond, John Willey & Sons, Ltd., 2002.
A. Kofmehl et al., Performance Evaluation and Optimization of a CDMA/PRMA Medium Access Protocol for WWW Users in Mobile Networks, International World Wide Web Conference, Budapest, Hungary, 20–24 May, 2003.
K. Siamitros, N. Dimitriou, and R. Tafazolli, “UMTS Coverage Planning Using a High Altitude Platform Station”, in Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, Sheraton Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii, 27–30 October 2002, Vol. 3, pp. 1157–1161.
W.C. Foo et al., “Other-Cell Interference and Reverse Link of High Altitude Platform Station CDMA System”, Electronics Letter, Vol. 36, No. 22, pp. 1881–1882, 2000.
K. Mori and K. Ogura, “An Adaptive Permission Probability Control Method for Integrated Voice/Data CDMA Packet Communications”, IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals, Vol. E81-A, No. 7, pp. 1339–1348, July 1998.
ETSI TR 101 112, “Selection Procedures for the Choice of Radio Transmission Technologies of the UMTS”, UMTS 30.03, Version 3.1.0, November 1997.
Concept Group Delta, “WB TDMA/CDMA, System Description, Performance Evaluation”, Tdoc SMG 899/97, ETSI SMG, Madrid, December 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Nikolaos Batsios received his diploma degree in electrical & computer engineering (Telecommunication Division) from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece) in 2000. At the end of his studies, his diploma thesis was awarded from ERICSSON Hellas. He was also one of the six finalists of the IEEE Region 8 Student Paper Contest. He has worked as a Research Engineer in Space Engineering S.p.A. (Rome, Italy) and he was involved in ATB, ROBMOD and VIRTUOUS projects. Currently he is working in Intracom S.A. as Telecom Engineer. His research interests are in the field of satellite and terrestrial communication systems including physical layer design, medium access control layer architectures and protocols.
Fotini-Niovi Pavlidou received the PhD degree in electrical engineering from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1988 and the diploma in mechanical-electrical engineering in 1979 from the same institution. She is currently an associate professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Aristotle University engaged in teaching for the under- and post-graduate program in the areas of mobile communications and telecommunications networks. Her research interests are in the field of mobile and personal communications, satellite and HAP communications, multiple access systems, routing and traffic flow in networks and QoS studies for multimedia applications over the Internet. She is involved in many national and international projects in these areas and she has chaired the European COST262 Action on Spread Spectrum Techniques. She has served as a member of the TPC of many IEEE/IEE conferences. She is a permanent reviewer for many international journals. She has published about 80 papers in refereed journals and conferences. She is a senior member of IEEE, currently chairing the joint IEEE VTS & AESS Chapter in Greece.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Batsios, N., Pavlidou, F.N. Performance of CDMA/PRMA as an Access Technique for Integrated Services in a UMTS High Altitude Platform System. Wireless Pers Commun 32, 319–338 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-005-0749-9
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-005-0749-9