Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

EHM: a novel efficient protocol based handshaking mechanism for underwater acoustic sensor networks

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Underwater Media Access Control (MAC) protocol design faces more challenges due to the unique characteristics of acoustic communication such as the long propagation delay and limited bandwidth. The long propagation delay in underwater causes the hidden terminal and spatially unfair problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient MAC protocol for multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks, which we shall call the EHM—Efficient Handshaking Mechanism. It is a handshaking-based protocol that addresses the hidden terminal and spatially unfair problem, and the EHM protocol can improve the channel utilization by allowing a node to receive data packets from multiple potential senders simultaneously. This method can reduce the relative proportion of time spent on control packets. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated via simulations. Experiment results show that the EHM protocol outperforms in channel utilization, fairness of transmission and end-to-end packets delay.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akyildiz, I. F., Pompili, D., & Melodia, T. (2005). Underwater acoustic sensor networks: Research challenges. Elsevier’s Journal of Ad Hoc Networks, 3, 257–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Akyildiz, I. F., & Pompili, D. (2006). State-of-the-art in protocol research for underwater acoustic sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on underwater networks, pp. 7–16.

  3. Chitre, M., Shahabodeen, S., & Stojanovic, M. (2008). Underwater acoustic communications and networking: Recent advances and future challenges. Marine Technology Society Journal, 42, 103–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Akyildiz, I. F., Pompili, D., & Melodia, T. (2004). Challenges for efficient communication in underwater acoustic sensor networks. ACM SIGBED Review, 1, 3–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Xie, P., & Cui, J. H. (2007). R-MAC: An energy-efficient MAC protocol for underwater sensor networks. In Proceedings of international conference on wireless algorithms, systems and applications, pp. 187–198.

  6. Abramson, N. (1970). THE ALOHA SYSTEM: Another alternative for computer communications. In AFIPS joint computer conferences, pp. 281–285.

  7. Abramson, N. (1985). Development of the ALOHANET. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 31,119-123.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Chirdchoo, N., Soh, W. S., & Chua, K. C. (2007). Aloha-based MAC protocols with collision avoidance for underwater acoustic networks. In 26th IEEE international conference on computer communications, pp. 2271–2275.

  9. Syed, A. A., Ye, W., Heidemann, J., & Krishnamachari, B. (2007). Understanding spatio-temporal uncertainty in medium access with ALOHA protocols. In International conference on mobile computing and networking, pp. 41–48, Canada.

  10. Tanenbaum, A. S. (1996). Computer networks (3rd ed., pp. 243–338). New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR.

  11. Kleinrock, L., & Tobagi, F. A. (1975). Packet switching in radio channels: Part I-Carrier sense multiple-access modes and their throughput-delay characteristics. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 23, 1400-1416.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Fullmer, C. L., & Tobagi, F. A. (1995). Floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) for packet-radio networks. [online]. Available: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/180615.html.

  13. Molins, M., & Stojanovic, M. (2006). Slotted FAMA: A MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE OCEANS Asia conference, pp. 1–7.

  14. Guo, X., Frater, M. R., & Ryan, M. J. (2009). Design of a Propagation-delay-tolerant MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 34, 170–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chirdchoo, N., Soh, W. S., & Chua, K. C. (2008). MACA-MN: A MACA-based MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks with packet train for multiple neighbors. In Vehicular technology conference pp. 46–50.

  16. Ng, H.-H., Soh, W. S., & Motani, M. (2008). MACA-U: A media access protocol for underwater acoustic networks. In Global telecommunications conference pp. 1–5.

  17. Chirdchoo, N., Soh, W. S., & Chua, K. C. (2008). RIPT: Receiver-initiated reservation-based protocol for underwater acoustic networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 9, 1744–1753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ng, H. H., Soh, W. S., & Motani, M. (2010). ROPA: A MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks with reverse opportunistic packet appending. In Proceedings of IEEE wireless communications and networking conference.

  19. Liao, W., & Huang, C., (2012). SF-MAC: A spatially fair MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 12, 1686–1694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Bharghavan, V., Demers, A., Shenker, S., & Zhang, L. (1994). MACAW: A media access protocol for wireless LAN’s. In Proceedings of the confererce on communications architectures, protocols and applications, pp. 212–225.

  21. Wireless Network Simulation with OPNET, [Online] Available: http://www.opnet.com/solutions/networkrd/modelerwireless.html.

  22. Berkhovskikh, L., & Lysanov, Y. (1982). Fundamentals of ocean acoustics, New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Shahabudeen, S., & Chitre, M. A. (2005). Design of networking protocols for shallow water peer-to-peer acoustic networks. In Oceans 2005 - Europe (Vol. 1, pp. 628–633).

  24. Jain, R., Durrcsi, A., & Babic, G. Throughput fairness index: An exploration. ATM forum document number: ATM forum//99-0045.

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No 2011121050), the Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61001142), and the Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61071150).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The key laboratory of underwater acoustic communication and marine information technology, Ministry of education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Wen Lin, En Cheng & Fei Yuan

Authors
  1. Wen Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. En Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fei Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to En Cheng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lin, W., Cheng, E. & Yuan, F. EHM: a novel efficient protocol based handshaking mechanism for underwater acoustic sensor networks. Wireless Netw 19, 1051–1061 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-012-0517-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-012-0517-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation