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Growth, fruiting and lignocellulolytic enzyme production by the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa (maitake)

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Abstract

Cultivation of specialty mushrooms on lignocellulosic wastes represents one of the most economical organic recycling processes. Compared with other cultivated mushrooms, very little is known about the nature of the lignocellulolytic enzymes produced by the edible and medicinal fungus Grifola frondosa, the parameters affecting their production, and enzyme activity profiles during different stages of the developmental cycle. In this work we investigated the enzymes that enable G. frondosa, to colonize and deconstruct two formulations based on industrial lignocellulosic by-products. G. frondosa degraded both substrates (oak-sawdust plus corn bran, and oak/corn bran supplemented with coffee spent-ground) decreasing 67 and 50% of their lignin content, along with 44 and 37% of the polysaccharides (hemicellulose and cellulose) respectively. 35.3% biological efficiency was obtained when using oak sawdust plus corn bran as substrate. Coffee spent-ground addition inhibited mushroom production, decreased growth, xylanase and cellulase activities. However, taking into account that G. frondosa successfully colonized this residue; this substrate formula might be considered for its growth and medicinal polysaccharide production. Although G. frondosa tested positive for Azure B plate degradation, a qualitative assay for lignin-peroxidase, attempts to detect this activity during solid state fermentation were unsuccessful. Enzyme activities peaked during colonization but declined drastically during fruiting body formation. Highest activities achieved were: endoglucanase 12.3, exoglucanase 16.2, β-glucosidase 2.3, endoxylanase 20.3, amylase 0.26, laccase 14.8 and Mn-peroxidase 7.4 U/g dry substrate.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), Universidad Nacional Sede Manizales (Colombia), Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET (Argentina) for financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia

    Sandra Montoya

  2. Department of Physics and Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Manizales, Colombia

    Carlos Eduardo Orrego

  3. Biodiversity and Experimental Biology Department, PRHIDEB-CONICET, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Laura Levin

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  1. Sandra Montoya
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  2. Carlos Eduardo Orrego
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  3. Laura Levin
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Correspondence to Laura Levin.

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Montoya, S., Orrego, C.E. & Levin, L. Growth, fruiting and lignocellulolytic enzyme production by the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa (maitake). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 28, 1533–1541 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0957-2

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