Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic and metabolic diversity of streptomycetes in pulp and paper mill effluent treated crop fields

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Irrigation of farm field with water mixed with pulp and paper mill effluent from Century pulp and paper mill in Uttrakhand state of India for over last 25 years in succession increased streptomycetes population (120 × 105) compared to the fresh water irrigated fields (48 × 103 in WIF). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, BIOLOG™ substrate usage, production of extracellular enzymes (xylanase and cellulase) and plant growth promoting attributes were applied to monitor changes in genetic and metabolic diversity of streptomycetes. Significant variation was observed for production of extracellular enzymes, Indolic compounds, siderophore and P-solubilisation among isolates. Metabolic substrate usage of Streptomyces isolates was evaluated using the BIOLOG™ GP2 plates and unique carbon substrate usage profiles were observed. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were identified as Streptomyces variabilis, Streptomyces spp. S. glaucescens, S. viridochromogenes, S. cinnabarinus, S. aburaviensis, S. viridis, S. xylophagus, S. macrosporeus, S. thermocarboxydus, and S. albogriseolus. The diversity index parameters like Shannon index, reciprocal of Simpson’s index (1/D), and Pielou index of evenness based on ARDRA revealed that streptomycetes community in effluent irrigated field (EIF) was more diverse. DGGE profiles of Streptomyces specific 16S rRNA gene fragments (16S-DGGE) amplified directly from soil samples were highly similar in both soils.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bakken LR (1997) Culturable and nonculturable bacteria in soil. In: van Elsas JD, Trevors JT, Wellington EMH (eds) Modern soil microbiology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 47–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimkpa CO, Svatoš A, Dabrowska P, Schmidt A, Boland W, Kothe E (2008) Involvement of siderophores in the reduction of metal induced inhibition of auxin synthesis in Streptomyces spp. Chemosphere 74:19–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez C, Szabó IM (1982) Studies on the selection of streptomycetes in the rhizoplane of sugar-cane. Folia Microbiol 27:423–427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodfellow M (1983) Ecology of actinomycetes. Annu Rev Microbiol 37:189–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon AS, Weber RP (1951) Colorimetric estimation of indole acetic acid. Plant Physiol 26:192–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdali H, Bouizgarne B, Hafidi M, Lebrihi A, Virolle MJ, Ouhdouch Y (2008) Screening for rock phosphate solubilizing actinomycetes from Moroccan phosphate mines. Appl Soil Ecol 38:12–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heuer H, Krsek M, Baker P, Smalla K, Wellington EMH (1997) Analysis of actinomycetes community by specific amplification of genes encoding 16S rRNA and gel electrophoresis separation in denaturing gradient. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3233–3241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howe J, Wagner MR (1996) The effect of paper mill wastewater irrigation and gypsum soil amendments on sodium accumulation by cottonwood and soil. Agric Water Manage 31:295–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi HC (2008) Utilization of treated effluent from paper mills for crop irrigation and its impact on crop productivity and soil health. Project Final Report submitted from Division of Environmental Sciences, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India to Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India

  • Juwarkar AS, Subrahmanyam PVR (1987) Impact of pulp and paper mill wastewater on crop and soil. Water Sci Technol 19:693–700

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannan K, Oblisami G (1990a) Influence of irrigation with pulp and paper mill effluent on soil chemical and microbiological properties. Biol Fertil Soils 10:197–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannan K, Oblisami G (1990b) Influence of paper mill effluent irrigation on soil enzyme activities. Soil Biol Biochem 22:923–926

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kieser T, Bibb MJ, Buttner M, Chater KF, Hopwood DA (2000) Practical Streptomyces genetics. The John Innes Foundation, Norwich, pp 162–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawlor K, Knight BP, Barbosa-Jefferson VL, Lane PW, Lilley AK, Paton GI, McGrath SP, O’Flaherty SM, Hirsch PR (2000) Comparison of methods to investigate microbial populations in soils under different agricultural management. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 33:129–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magurran E (1988) Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Manulis S, Shafrir H, Epstein E, Lichterl A, Barash I (1994) Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid via the indole-3-acetarnide pathway in Streptomyces spp. Microbiology 140:1045–1050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massol-Deya AA, Odelson DA, Hickey RF, Tiedje JM (1995) Bacterial community fingerprinting of amplified 16S and 16–23S ribosomal DNA gene sequences and restriction endonuclease analysis (ARDRA). In: Akkermans ADL, van Elsas JD, de Bruijn FJ (eds) Molecular microbial ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy AJ (1987) Lignocellulose-degrading actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 46:145–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta S, Nautiyal CS (2001) An efficient method for qualitative screening of phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Curr Microbiol 43:51–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M, Li WH (1979) Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:5269–5273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell AG, Falconer C, Goodfellow M, Ward AC, Williams E (1993) Biosystematics and diversity amongst novel carboxydotrophic actinomycetes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64:325–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oved T, Shaviv A, Goldrath T, Mandelbaum RT, Minz D (2001) Influence of effluent irrigation on community composition and function of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:3426–3433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Øvreås L, Torsvik V (1998) Microbial diversity and community structure in two different agricultural soil communities. Microbial Ecol 36:303–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pielou EC (1969) An introduction to mathematical ecology. Wiley, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Pokhrel D, Viraraghavan T (2004) Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater—a review. Sci Total Environ 333:37–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pospiech A, Neumann B (1995) A versatile quick-prep of genomic DNA from gram-positive bacteria. Trends Genet 11:217–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preobrazhenskaya TP, Ryabova ID, Blinov NO (1957) Problems of classification of actinomycetes-antagonists. In: Gauze GF, Preobrazhenskaya TP, Kudrina ES, Blinov NO, Ryabova ID, Sveshnikova MA (eds) Government publishing house of medical literature. Medgiz, Moscow, pp 1–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramachandra M, Crawford DL, Pometto AL III (1987) Extracellular enzyme activities during lignocellulose degradation by Streptomyces spp.: a comparative study of wild-type and genetically manipulated strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:2754–2760

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rintala H, Nevalainen A, Rönkä E, Suutari M (2001) PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene for the specific detection of streptomycetes. Mol Cell Probes 15:337–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbour joining method a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanghi A, Garg N, Sharma J, Kuhar K, Kuhad RC, Gupta VK (2007) Optimization of xylanase production using inexpensive agro-residues by alkaliphilic Bacillus subtilis ASH in solid state fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24:633–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwyn B, Neilands JB (1987) Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Anal Biochem 160:47–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon CE, Weaver W (1949) The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana

    Google Scholar 

  • Shatoury SE, Mitchell J, Bahgat M, Dewedar A (2004) Biodiversity of actinomycetes in a constructed wetland for industrial effluent treatment. Actinomycetologica 18:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Thakur IS (2006) Colour removal of anaerobically treated pulp and paper mill effluent by microorganisms in two steps bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 97:218–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sjöling S, Cowan DA (2003) High 16S rDNA bacterial diversity in glacial meltwater lake sediment, Bratina Island, Antarctica. Extremophiles 7:275–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skipperud L, Salbu B, Hagebo E (1998) Speciation of trace elements in discharges from the pulp industry. Sci Total Environ 217:251–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sneath PHA, Sokal RR (1973) Numerical taxonomy. The principles and practice of numerical classification. Freeman, Williams and Wilkins Co, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokal RR, Michener CD (1958) A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. Univ Kansas Sci Bull 38:1409–1438

    Google Scholar 

  • Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL (1997) Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:479–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staneck JL, Roberts GD (1974) Simplified approach to identification of aerobic actinomycetes by thin-layer chromatography. Appl Environ Microbiol 28:226–231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24:1596–1599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tangnu SK, Blanch HW, Wilke CR (1981) Production of xylanase by Streptomyces xylophagus nov. sp. Acta Biotechnol 1:31–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignments through sequence weighing, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673–7680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Udayasoorian C, Prabu PC, Mini K (2004) Influence of composted bagasse pith and treated paper mill effluent irrigation on groundnut. Madras Agric J 91:126–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyszkowska J, Kucharski M, Kucharski J (2008) Role of actinomyces of the genus Streptomyces in alleviating the effects of soil contamination with diesel oil. Pol J Nat Sci 23(3):709–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zvereva EA, Fedorova TV, Kevbrin VV, Zhilina TN, Rabinovich ML (2006) Cellulase activity of a haloalkaliphilic anaerobic bacterium, strain Z-7026. Extremophiles 10:53–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was conducted with funds provided by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research under Network Project on Application of Microorganisms in Agriculture and Allied Sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275101, India

    Binu Mani Tripathi, Rajeev Kaushik, Priyanka Kumari & Dilip Kumar Arora

  2. Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Anil Kumar Saxena

Authors
  1. Binu Mani Tripathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rajeev Kaushik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Priyanka Kumari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anil Kumar Saxena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dilip Kumar Arora
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajeev Kaushik.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (XLS 35 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tripathi, B.M., Kaushik, R., Kumari, P. et al. Genetic and metabolic diversity of streptomycetes in pulp and paper mill effluent treated crop fields. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27, 1603–1613 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0614-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0614-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation