Abstract
Seven aerobic bacterial strains were isolated from pulp paper mill waste and screened for pentachlorophenol (PCP) tolerance on PCP containing mineral salt agar medium (MSM). The organism was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing which showed 99.7% sequence similarity with Serratia marcescens. PCP degradation was routinely monitored with spectrophotometric analysis and further confirmed by HPLC analysis. Among seven strains, ITRC S7 was found to degrade up to 90.33% of 1.127 mM (300 mg/l) of PCP and simultaneous release of chloride ion (2.435 mM) emphasized the bacterial dechlorination in the medium in presence of glucose as an additional carbon and energy source under optimized condition within 168 h incubation. In absence of glucose bacterium was unable to utilize PCP indicating the phenomenon of co-metabolism. Bacterium was identified as S. marcescens (AY927692), was a novel and potential aerobic bacterial strain capable of degrading PCP in axenic condition. Further, this strain may be used for bioremediation of PCP containing pulp paper mill waste in the environment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389–3402
Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith JA, Struhl K (1992) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Bellinaso ML, Henriques JAP, Gaylarde CC (2001) Biodegradation as a biotechnological model for the teaching of biochemistry. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 17:1–6
Bergmann JG, Sanik J (1957) Determination of trace amounts of chlorine in naphtha. Anal Chem 29:241–243
Brosius J, Palmer ML, Kennedy PJ, Noller HF (1978) Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 75:4801–4805
Cai M, Xun L (2002) Organization and regulation of pentachlorophenol-degrading genes in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723. J Bacteriol 184:4672–4680
Copley SD (2000) Evolution of a metabolic pathway for degradation of toxic xenobiotics: the patch work approach. Trends Biochem Sci 25:261–265
Crosby DG (1981) Environmental chemistry of pentachlorophenol. Pure Appl Chem 53:1051–1080
EPA 1987 Final determination and indent to cancel and deny applications for registrations of pesticide products containing pentachlorophenol (including but not limited to its salts and esters) for non-wood uses. US Environmental Protection Agency. Fed Regist 52:2282–2293
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenetics: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
Hagstrom A, Pinhassi J, Zweifel UL (2000) Biogeographical diversity among marine bacterioplankton. Aquat Microbiol Ecol 21:231–244
Ito H, Ohnishi Y (1982) Escherichia coli mutants resistant to uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Microbiol Immunol 226:1079–1084
Johnson JL (1994) Similarity analysis of rRNAs. In: Gerhardt P, Murray RGE, Wood WA, Krieg NR (eds) Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, pp 683–700
Jukes TH, Cantor CR (1969) Evolution of protein molecules. In: Munro HN (ed) Mammalian Protein Metabolism, vol. 3, Academic Press, New York, pp 21–132
Lange CC, Schnieder BJ, Orser CS (1996) Verification of the role of PCP-4-monooxygenase in chlorine elimination from pentachlorophenol by Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 219:146–149
Larsen N, Olsen GJ, Maidak BL, McCaughey MJ, Overbeck R, Macke TJ, March TL, Woese CR (1993) The ribosomal database project. Nucleic Acids Res 21:3021–3023
Martins JM, Jocteur ML, Chalamet A, Bardin R (1997) Microbial response to repeated applications of low concentrations of pasture. Chemosphere 35:1637–1650
Miller MN, Stratton GW, Murray G (2004) Effects of soil moisture and aeration on the biodegradatic of pentachlorophenol contaminated soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 72:101–108
Mohn WW, Kennedy KJ (1992) Reductive dehalogenation of chlorophenol by Desulfomonite tiedjei DCB-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:1367–1370
Pfennig N, Lippert KD (1966) Uber das vitamin B12-Bedurfnis phototropher Schwefelbakterien. Arch Mikrobiol 55:245–256
Premalatha A, Rajkumar GS (1994) Pentachlorophenol degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 10:334–337
Raj A, Chandra R, Patel DK (2005) Physico-chemical characterisation of pulp and paper mill effluent and toxicity assessment by a tubificid worm, Tubifex tubifex. Toxicol Int 12:109–118
Saber DL, Crawford RL (1985) Isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium strains that degrade pentachlorophenol. Appl Environ Microbiol 50:1512–1518
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbour-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
Schenk T, Muller R, Morsberger F, Otto MK, Lingens F (1989) Enzymatic dehalogenation of pentachlorophenol by extracts from Arthrobacter sp. strain ATCC 33790. J Bacteriol 171:5487–5491
Schnell A, Stell P, Melcer H, Hudson PV, Carey JH (2000) Enhanced biological treatment of bleached kraft mill effluents removal of chlorinated organic compounds and toxicity. Water Res 34:493–500
Shah S, Thakur IS (2002) Enrichment and characterization of pentachlorophenol degrading microbial community for the treatment of tannery effluent. Pollut Res 20:353–363
Shah S, Thakur IS (2003) Enzymatic dehalogenation of pentachlorophenol by Pseudomonas fluorescens of the microbial community from tannery effluent. Curr Microbiol 47:65–70
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The clustalx windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24:4876–4882
Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (1991) 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 173:697–703
Williams ST, Sharpe ME, Holt JG (1993) Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology. vol. 4, Williams and Wilkins, USA, pp 428
Yeber MC, Freer J, Martinez M, Mansilla HD (2000) Bacterial response to photolytic degradation of 6-chlorovanillin. Chemosphere 41:12257–12261
Xun L, Orser CS (1991a) Purification of a Flavobacterium pentachlorophenol-induced periplasmic protein (pcpA) and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene (pcpA). J Bacteriol 173:2920–2926
Xun L, Orser CS (1991b) Purification and properties of pentachlorophenol hydroxylase, a flavoprotein from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC39723. J Bacteriol 173:4447–4453
Xun L, Topp E, Orser CS (1992a) Confirmation of oxidation of oxidative dehalogenation of a pentachlorophenol by a Flavobacterium pentachlorophenol hydroxylase. J Bacteriol 174:5745–5747
Xun L, Topp E, Orser CS (1992b) Diverse substrate range of Flavobacterium pentachlorophenol hydroxylase. J Bacteriol 174:5745–5747
Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to Director, ITRC, Lucknow, for his encouragement. The financial support from Council of Science and Technology, UP is also highly acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, S., Chandra, R., Patel, D.K. et al. Isolation and characterization of novel Serratia marcescens (AY927692) for pentachlorophenol degradation from pulp and paper mill waste. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23, 1747–1754 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9424-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9424-5