Abstract
Global total CO2 emission and sequestration are being analysed from 1960 to 2029 reports interpreted from DEP, DOE, IPCC, CFC, CDIAC, IEA, UNEP, NOAA, and NASA. Consequently, these reports have been transcribed into each 10-year-period data set by using MATLAB software to accurately calculate the decadal emission and sequestration rate of total CO2 within the world. Then, these data were further analysed to determine the final annual increasing rate (yr −1) of CO2 accumulation into the atmosphere. The study revealed that total CO2 emissions throughout the world since the 1960s have been increasing rapidly and in the recent year the net CO2 increasing rate is 2.11% annually. If the current annual CO2 growth rate is not copped now, the atmospheric CO2 accumulation shall indeed reach at a toxic level of 1200 ppm concentration of CO2 into the atmosphere in 53 years. Consequently, the entire human race will face severe breathing problems due to the toxic level of CO2 presence in the air which indeed will create a serious environmental vulnerability to live mankind on Earth comfortably.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data sets used in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request except for data that is subject to third party restrictions.
References
Achard, F., Beuchle, R., Mayaux, P., Stibig, H.-J., Bodart, C., Brink, A., Carboni, S., Desclée, B., Donnay, F., Eva, H. D., Lupi, A., Raši, R., Seliger, R., & Simonetti, D. (2014). Determination of tropical deforestation rates and related carbon losses from 1990 to 2010. Global Change Biology, 20(8), 2540–2554. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12605
Ballantyne, A. P., Alden, C. B., Miller, J. B., Tans, P. P., & White, J. W. C. (2012). Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years. Nature, 488(7409), 70–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11299
Bauer, J. E., Cai, W.-J., Raymond, P. A., Bianchi, T. S., Hopkinson, C. S., & Regnier, P. A. G. (2013). The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean. Nature, 504(7478), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12857
Betts, R. A., Jones, C. D., Knight, J. R., Keeling, R. F., & Kennedy, J. J. (2016). El Niño and a record CO2 rise. Nature Climate Change, 6(9), 806–810. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3063
Canadell, J. G., Le Quéré, C., Raupach, M. R., Field, C. B., Buitenhuis, E. T., Ciais, P., Conway, T. J., Gillett, N. P., Houghton, R. A., & Marland, G. (2007). Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(47), 18866–18870. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702737104
Cetin, M. (2016). A change in the amount of CO2 at the center of the examination halls: Case study of Turkey. Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 10(2), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/09735070.2016.11905483
Cetin, M., Onac, A. K., Sevik, H., & Sen, B. (2019). Temporal and regional change of some air pollution parameters in Bursa. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(3), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-00657-6
Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2016). Measuring the impact of selected plants on indoor CO2 concentrations. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(3):973–979. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/61744
Chevallier, F. (2015). On the statistical optimality of CO2 atmospheric inversions assimilating CO2 column retrievals. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(19), 11133–11145. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11133-2015
Davis, S. J., & Caldeira, K. (2010). Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(12), 5687–5692. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906974107
Earles, J. M., Yeh, S., & Skog, K. E. (2012). Timing of carbon emissions from global forest clearance. Nature Climate Change, 2(9), 682–685. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1535
Erb, K.-H., Kastner, T., Luyssaert, S., Houghton, R. A., Kuemmerle, T., Olofsson, P., & Haberl, H. (2013). Bias in the attribution of forest carbon sinks. Nature Climate Change, 3(10), 854–856. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2004
Hossain, M. F. (2016). Theory of global cooling. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 6(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-016-0091-y
Hossain, M. F. (2017). Green science: Independent building technology to mitigate energy, environment, and climate change. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73, 695–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.136
Houghton, R. A. (2007). Balancing the global carbon budget. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 35(1), 313–347. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140057
Jain, A. K., Meiyappan, P., Song, Y., & House, J. I. (2013). CO2 emissions from land-use change affected more by nitrogen cycle, than by the choice of land-cover data. Global Change Biology, 19(9), 2893–2906. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12207
Krapivin, V. F., & Varotsos, C. A. (2016). Modelling the CO2 atmosphere-ocean flux in the upwelling zones using radiative transfer tools. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 150–151, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2016.10.015
Krapivin, V. F., Varotsos, C. A., & Soldatov, V. Y. (2017). Simulation results from a coupled model of carbon dioxide and methane global cycles. Ecological Modelling, 359, 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.05.023
Li, W., Ciais, P., Wang, Y., Peng, S., Broquet, G., Ballantyne, A. P., Canadell, J. G., Cooper, L., Friedlingstein, P., Le Quéré, C., Myneni, R. B., Peters, G. P., Piao, S., & Pongratz, J. (2016). Reducing uncertainties in decadal variability of the global carbon budget with multiple datasets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(46), 13104–13108. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603956113
Liu, Z., Guan, D., Wei, W., Davis, S. J., Ciais, P., Bai, J., Peng, S., Zhang, Q., Hubacek, K., Marland, G., Andres, R. J., Crawford-Brown, D., Lin, J., Zhao, H., Hong, C., Boden, T. A., Feng, K., Peters, G. P., Xi, F., & He, K. (2015). Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China. Nature, 524(7565), 335–338. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14677
Morimoto, S., Goto, D., Murayama, S., Fujita, R., Tohjima, Y., Ishidoya, S., Machida, T., Inai, Y., Patra, P. K., Maksyutov, S., Ito, A., & Aoki, S. (2021). Spatio-temporal variations of the atmospheric greenhouse gases and their sources and sinks in the Arctic region. Polar Science, 27, 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100553
Prietzel, J., Zimmermann, L., Schubert, A., & Christophel, D. (2016). Organic matter losses in German Alps forest soils since the 1970s most likely caused by warming. Nature Geoscience, 9(7), 543–548. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2732
Schwietzke, S., Sherwood, O. A., Bruhwiler, L. M. P., Miller, J. B., Etiope, G., Dlugokencky, E. J., Michel, S. E., Arling, V. A., Vaughn, B. H., White, J. W. C., & Tans, P. P. (2016). Upward revision of global fossil fuel methane emissions based on isotope database. Nature, 538(7623), 88–91. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19797
Sert, E. B., Turkmen, M., & Cetin, M. (2019). Heavy metal accumulation in rosemary leaves and stems exposed to traffic-related pollution near Adana-İskenderun Highway (Hatay, Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(9), 553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7714-7
Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Ozel, H. B., Akarsu, H., & Zeren Cetin, I. (2020). Analyzing of usability of tree-rings as biomonitors for monitoring heavy metal accumulation in the atmosphere in urban area: A case study of cedar tree (Cedrus sp.). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-8010-2
Stephens, B. B., Gurney, K. R., Tans, P. P., Sweeney, C., Peters, W., Bruhwiler, L., Ciais, P., Ramonet, M., Bousquet, P., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Machida, T., Inoue, G., Vinnichenko, N., Lloyd, J., Jordan, A., Heimann, M., Shibistova, O., Langenfelds, R. L., & Denning, A. S. (2007). Weak northern and strong tropical land carbon uptake from vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2. Science, 316(5832), 1732–1735. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1137004
Varotsos, C., Mazei, Y., & Efstathiou, M. (2020). Paleoecological and recent data show a steady temporal evolution of carbon dioxide and temperature. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(4), 714–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.12.022
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Green Globe Technology under the grant RD-02021-03. Any findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this paper are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Green Globe Technology.
Funding
Green Globe Technology is the funding body for this research. The grant GGT RD 02–2021 is provided to conduct research in relation to global sustainability.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Md. Faruque Hossain is the sole author for the paper. He has contributed 100% for conducting research, collecting data, and writing papers.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing Interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hossain, M.F. Extreme Level of CO2 Accumulation into the Atmosphere Due to the Unequal Global Carbon Emission and Sequestration. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 105 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05581-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05581-1