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Adsorption Characteristic of Cr(VI) onto Different Activated Coal Fly Ashes: Kinetics, Thermodynamic, Application Feasibility, and Error Analysis

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Abstract

Raw coal fly ash (RCFA) was recycled as three kinds of adsorbents by hydroxyl anion (OH−), hydrogen ion (H+), and thermal activation, respectively, for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from water. The H+ activation can explore the adsorptive potential of RCFA more effectively than the other two methods. The specific surface areas of the adsorbents are 12.33, 16.32, and 13.89 m2 g−1 for OH−, H+, and thermal activation, respectively. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model better and exhibits exothermic property. The activation energy (20.65–31.88 kJ mol−1) and the negative Gibbs free energy reveal that the adsorption is a physical and spontaneous process. The adsorbents derived from OH−, H+, and thermal activation can be used at least 5, 7, and 4 times, respectively, while the one from H+ activation has the best adsorption capacity (6.41 μg g−1 for the first run). The adsorption process can introduce other metallic/toxic elements, but within the Chinese standard. The preparation cost of the H+ activation is $1103 ton−1 adsorbent, while the treatment cost is $1.6 ton−1 water. The more accurate parameters in the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model can be calculated by nonlinear method and provided by the error function of the sum of the squares of the errors.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 51808039, 21677018); Science and Technology Projects of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (grant number KM201910017008); and Jointly Projects of Beijing Natural Science Foundation and Beijing Municipal Education Commission (grant number KZ201810017024).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, People’s Republic of China

    Nannan Wang & Yanhe Han

  2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Pipeline Critical Technology and Equipment for Deepwater Oil & Gas Development, Beijing, 102617, People’s Republic of China

    Nannan Wang & Yanhe Han

  3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, People’s Republic of China

    Shuo Li

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  1. Nannan Wang
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  2. Yanhe Han
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Correspondence to Nannan Wang or Shuo Li.

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Wang, N., Han, Y. & Li, S. Adsorption Characteristic of Cr(VI) onto Different Activated Coal Fly Ashes: Kinetics, Thermodynamic, Application Feasibility, and Error Analysis. Water Air Soil Pollut 230, 154 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4215-9

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