Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from paddy soils respond differently to different combinations of crop root residues and N forms. An incubation experiment was carried out to explore the effect of four crop residues (milk vetch, ryegrass, winter wheat, and rape) and four nitrogen treatments (without fertilizer, urea, (NH4)2SO4, and KNO3) on CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions in a paddy soil. Except in KNO3 application treatments, CH4 emissions of milk vetch residue treatments were significantly higher than those of the rest residue treatments. In the presence of milk vetch and ryegrass residues, urea application significantly increased CH4 emissions in comparison to treatments without fertilizer. Urea significantly promoted CO2 emissions, whereas (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 significantly inhibited CO2 emissions at all root residue treatments. Urea did not increase N2O emissions, but (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 promoted N2O emissions at all residue treatments. In addition, KNO3 had more effects on the increase of N2O emissions than (NH4)2SO4 in milk vetch-amended soils. Urea addition had no effect on global warming potentials, and (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 addition significantly increased global warming potentials at all residue treatments except KNO3 + winter wheat residue combination. Our results indicated that urea application had no additive effect on global warming when root residues were left in paddy soils, whereas (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3 application could increase the risk of global warming.
References
Abalos, D., Sanchez-Martin, L., Garcia-Torres, L., van Groenigen, J. W., & Vallejo, A. (2014). Management of irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilization to mitigate GHG and NO emissions from drip-fertigated crops. Science of the Total Environment, 490, 880–888.
Begum, N., Guppy, C., Herridge, D., & Schwenke, G. (2014). Influence of source and quality of plant residues on emissions of N2O and CO2 from a fertile, acidic black vertisol. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50, 499–506.
Bhattacharyya, P., Roy, K. S., Neogi, S., Adhya, T. K., Rao, K. S., & Manna, M. C. (2012). Effects of rice straw and nitrogen fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon storage in tropical flooded soil planted with rice. Soil & Tillage Research, 124, 119–130.
Cai, Z. C., Shan, Y. H., & Xu, H. (2007). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on CH4 emissions from rice fields. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 53, 353–361.
Cai, Z. C., Xing, G. X., Yan, X. Y., Xu, H., Tsuruta, H., Yagi, K., & Minami, K. (1997). Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilisers and water management. Plant and Soil, 196, 7–14.
Chen, Z. J., Setala, H., Geng, S. C., Han, S. J., Wang, S. Q., Dai, G. H., & Zhang, J. H. (2017). Nitrogen addition impacts on the emissions of greenhouse gases depending on the forest type: a case study in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 17, 23–34.
Hofmann, A., Heim, A., Christensen, B. T., Miltner, A., Gehre, M., & Mwi, S. (2010). Lignin dynamics in two 13C-labelled arable soils during 18 years. European Journal of Soil Science, 60, 250–257.
Huang, Y., Zou, J. W., Zheng, X. H., Wang, Y. S., & Xu, X. K. (2004). Nitrous oxide emissions as influenced by amendment of plant residues with different C: N ratios. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 36, 973–981.
IPCC. (2007). Climate change 2007—the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kluber, H. D., & Conrad, R. (1998). Inhibitory effects of nitrate, nitrite, NO and N2O on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanobacterium bryantii. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 25, 331–339.
Kumar, K., & Goh, K. M. (2000). Crop residues and management practices: effects on soil quality, soil nitrogen dynamics, crop yield, and nitrogen recovery. In D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Advances in agronomy (Vol. 68, pp. 197–319).
Li, X., Sørensen, P., Olesen, J. E., & Petersen, S. O. (2016). Evidence for denitrification as main source of N2O emission from residue-amended soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 92, 153–160.
Muhammad, W., Vaughan, S. M., Dalal, R. C., & Menzies, N. W. (2011). Crop residues and fertilizer nitrogen influence residue decomposition and nitrous oxide emission from a vertisol. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 47, 15–23.
Peng, Q., Qi, Y. C., Dong, Y. S., Xiao, S. S., & He, Y. T. (2011). Soil nitrous oxide emissions from a typical semiarid temperate steppe in inner Mongolia: effects of mineral nitrogen fertilizer levels and forms. Plant and Soil, 342, 345–357.
Roy, R., & Conrad, R. (1999). Effect of methanogenic precursors (acetate, hydrogen, propionate) on the suppression of methane production by nitrate in anoxic rice field soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 28, 49–61.
Schimel, J. (2000). Global change—rice, microbes and methane. Nature, 403, 375–377.
Shan, J., & Yan, X. Y. (2013). Effects of crop residue returning on nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural soils. Atmospheric Environment, 71, 170–175.
Wang, W. J., Baldocka, J. A., Dalala, R. C., & Moody, P. W. (2004). Decomposition dynamics of plant materials in relation to nitrogen availability and biochemistry determined by NMR and wet-chemical analysis. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 36, 2045–2058.
Wang, Z. P., Delaune, R. D., Lindau, C. W., & Patrick, W. H. (1992). Methane production from anaerobic soil amended with rice straw and nitrogen fertilizers. Fertilizer Research, 33, 115–121.
Wu, H. H., Xu, X. K., Duan, C. T., Li, T. S., & Cheng, W. G. (2015). Effect of vegetation type, wetting intensity, and nitrogen supply on external carbon stimulated heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass carbon in forest soils. Science China-Earth Sciences, 58, 1446–1456.
Yan, X., Du, L., Shi, S., & Xing, G. (2000). Nitrous oxide emission from wetland rice soil as affected by the application of controlled-availability fertilizers and mid-season aeration. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 32, 60–66.
Yang, X., Shang, Q., Wu, P., Liu, J., Shen, Q., Guo, S., & Xiong, Z. (2010). Methane emissions from double rice agriculture under long-term fertilizing systems in Hunan, China. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 137, 308–316.
Yao, Z., Zheng, X., Dong, H., Wang, R., Mei, B., & Zhu, J. (2012). A 3-year record of N2O and CH4 emissions from a sandy loam paddy during rice seasons as affected by different nitrogen application rates. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 152, 1–9.
Zhao, Z., Yue, Y., Sha, Z., Li, C., Deng, J., Zhang, H., Gao, M., & Cao, L. (2015). Assessing impacts of alternative fertilizer management practices on both nitrogen loading and greenhouse gas emissions in rice cultivation. Atmospheric Environment, 119, 393–401.
Zhou, M., Zhu, B., Brüggemann, N., Wang, X., Zheng, X., & Butterbach-Bahl, K. (2015). Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from a subtropical rice–rapeseed rotation system in China: a 3-year field case study. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 212, 297–309.
Zou, J. W., Huang, Y., Jiang, J. Y., Zheng, X. H., & Sass, R. L. (2005). A 3-year field measurement of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies in China: effects of water regime, crop residue, and fertilizer application. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, 9.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYZ201756), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20171378), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M581815), and the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-34).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xiao, Y. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Paddy Soils Respond to Different Crop Root Residues and N Fertilizer Types. Water Air Soil Pollut 228, 455 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3594-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3594-z