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Diversity and Spatial Structure of Soil Fungi and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Forest Litter Contaminated with Copper Smelter Emissions

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Abstract

The diversity and spatial structure of soil fungi (SF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in the southern taiga forest litter were studied in sites with two contrasting contamination levels with copper smelter emissions. The operational taxonomic unit richness and evenness in the communities of both target groups decreased under contamination. The community structure of contaminated and control areas differed for SF, whereas they were similar for AMF. According to spatial structure analysis results on a scale of tens of meters, a gradual change of composition with distance was revealed for the SF community within 30-m intervals in the control sites. No spatial autocorrelation was found for AMF in the control sites. However, pronounced patchiness was characteristic of both SF and AMF communities within 10 m of contaminated sites. In the contaminated area, no specific spatial structure determinants of the studied communities was found among environmental factors such as water content, heavy metal concentrations in the forest litter, sample plot localization relative to canopy density, and herb vegetation diversity and abundance. However, in the control sites, AMF richness depended on herb abundance and litter chemistry.

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Acknowledgments

We thank M. V. Modorov, I. E. Bergman, A. V. Schepetkin, and P. V. Kondratkov for technical assistance, an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on this manuscript, and Enago (www.enago.com) for the English language review. This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (13-04-01699), the Scientific School Support Program (NSh-2840.2014.4), and the Program of Basic Research of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (12-P-4-1026).

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  1. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8th March Street 202, Ekaterinburg, 620144, Russia

    V. S. Mikryukov, O. V. Dulya & E. L. Vorobeichik

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Mikryukov, V.S., Dulya, O.V. & Vorobeichik, E.L. Diversity and Spatial Structure of Soil Fungi and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Forest Litter Contaminated with Copper Smelter Emissions. Water Air Soil Pollut 226, 114 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2244-y

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