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Testing Extractants for Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in Tropical Soils Treated with Sewage Sludge for 13 Consecutive Years

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Abstract

In this paper, we report on a field experiment being carried out in a Typic Eutrorthox. The experiment was initiated in the 1997–98 agricultural season as a randomized block design with four treatments (0, 5, 10, and 20 t ha−1) of sewage sludge and five replicates. Compound soil samples were obtained from 20 subsamples collected at depths of 0–0.1 and 0.1–0.2 m. Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were extracted with DTPA pH 7.3; 0.1 mol L−1 HCl, Mehlich-I, Mehlich-III, and 0.01 mol L−1 CaCl2. Metal concentrations were determined via atomic absorption spectrometry. Diagnostic leaves and the whole above-ground portion of plants were collected to determine Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations extracted by nitric–perchloric digestion and later determined via atomic absorption spectrometry. Sewage sludge application caused increases in the concentrations of soil Cu, Fe, and Mn in samples taken from the 0–0.1 m depth evaluated by the extractants Mehlich-I, Mehlich-III, 0.01 mol L−1 HCl and DTPA pH 7.3. None of the extractants provided efficient estimates of changes in Mn concentrations. The acid extractants extracted more Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn than the saline and chelating solutions. The highest concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn were obtained with Mehlich-III, while the highest concentrations of Mn were obtained with HCl. We did not observe a correlation between the extractants and the concentrations of elements in the diagnostic leaves nor in the tissues of the whole maize plant (Zea mays L.).

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Acknowledgments

The Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) provided a Ph.D. grant to the first author and Brazil’s National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) provided a research grant for the second and third authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), P.O. Box 9, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 13418-900

    Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol

  2. Department of Technology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, 14884-900

    Wanderley José de Melo

  3. Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), P.O. Box 9, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 13418-900

    Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol & Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni

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  1. Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol
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  2. Wanderley José de Melo
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  3. Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
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Correspondence to Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol.

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Nogueirol, R.C., de Melo, W.J. & Alleoni, L.R.F. Testing Extractants for Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in Tropical Soils Treated with Sewage Sludge for 13 Consecutive Years. Water Air Soil Pollut 224, 1557 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1557-6

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