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Biological Parameters Towards Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution: A Study with Dicentrarchus labrax L. Exposed to the Model Compound Benzo(a)pyrene

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Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the short-term effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) using a multiparameter approach. At the end of the 96 h of exposure to a range of BaP concentrations (2–256 μg l−1) in laboratorial conditions, a suite of biomarkers involved in biotransformation pathways, oxidative stress and damage, neurotransmission and energetic metabolism were analysed. Levels of BaP metabolites in bile and BaP-type compounds in tissues were also included as biomarkers of exposure, and the post-exposure swimming velocity was used as a toxicity endpoint at a higher level of biological organisation. In addition, a time-series experiment on the levels of bile BaP metabolites was also performed. Increased levels of BaP metabolites in bile and BaP-type compounds in liver and brain of exposed fish were found, indicating BaP uptake, metabolisation and distribution by different tissues. BaP induced oxidative stress and damage, but no significant effects on the post-exposure swimming velocity, neurotransmission and energetic pathways were found. An increase in the levels of BaP metabolites in bile over time was also observed, reaching a threshold similar at all the concentrations tested. Overall, this integrative multiparameter study reflecting different biological responses of D. labrax was suitable to assess the effects caused by the short-term exposure to BaP and may be useful in the marine environmental risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution. The observed toxic effects also highlight the relevance of short-term exposure to relatively high concentrations of chemicals, as can occur in the case of punctual heavy chemical releases, such as oil spills in the marine environment.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for the Science and the Technology (FCT) and FEDER European funds through the project “RAMOCS—Implementation of Risk Assessment Methodologies for Oil and Chemical Spills in the European Marine Environment” (ERA-AMPERA/0001/2007), in the scope of the ERA-NET AMPERA (ERAC-CT2005-016165, 6th EU Framework Program). Joana R. Almeida received a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/40843/2007) from FCT with European social funds and national funds of MCTES (POPH-QREN-Tipology 4.2).

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  1. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Joana R. Almeida & Lúcia Guilhermino

  2. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal

    Joana R. Almeida, Carlos Gravato & Lúcia Guilhermino

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  1. Joana R. Almeida
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Almeida, J.R., Gravato, C. & Guilhermino, L. Biological Parameters Towards Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution: A Study with Dicentrarchus labrax L. Exposed to the Model Compound Benzo(a)pyrene. Water Air Soil Pollut 223, 4709–4722 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1227-0

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